Disabled people,choices and collective organisation: examining the potential of cooperatives in future social support

Major shifts in funding, demography, personal expectations and the rise of a global disabled people’s movement require new and creative solutions to the choices and rights agenda into the twenty-first century. Direct payments and the individual employment of personal assistants is one clear and recognised path to independent living. However, there have been some reservations about the nature, process and impact of the broader personalisation agenda more generally within which direct payments and personal budgets are located. Some commentators point to the loss of the collective impulse in personalised approaches – ideas that were central to the development of the independent living movement and its founding principles. Some countries have seen the rise of collective responses to direct payment developments. This is explicable in terms of a suspicion of individualist underpinnings of personalisation coupled with a collective vision of social life. This article is based on an exploratory study of collective approaches in the field of direct payments where choice and social solidarity are being combined. Drawing on developments in Sweden, England and Wales, the article aims to inform possible future debates about direct payments and cooperative approaches and argues that greater user-control is not inimical to enhanced collective action.     

农村信用社法人治理结构的契约分析

立足于利益相关者治理观点,运用契约理论方法分析了我国农村信用社法人治理的制度变迁及其存在的问题,提出了完善农村信用社法人治理结构的政策建议。     

加入WTO与中国烟草企业的股份制改革

烟草业在中国的国民经济中具有重要的地位 ,其发展对中国经济的影响不言而喻。从总体上看 ,中国烟草业现阶段已形成相对庞大的产业规模和较为完整的产业体系 ,产品也有一定的市场竞争力。但业内人士认为 ,在繁荣的背后 ,中国烟草业在迎接国内市场国际化的竞争中显得十分脆弱 ,国际竞争力令人担忧。本文针对入世带来的新问题、新形势 ,从经济和法律的角度对烟草企业的股份制改革的必要性进行分析 ,结合国内外股份企业发展的实践论证烟草企业进行股份制改革的可行性 ,并建议以红塔为试点对国内烟草大企业的进行股份制改制 ,通过设立烟草股份公司发行股票上市 ,吸纳资金 ,壮大企业规模 ,以构造我国烟草业的航空母舰 ,抵御外来竞争的压力。     

农民合作社内部治理对其农业服务能力的影响——来自中国15省市的调查数据

基于中国15个省市78家农民合作社的微观调查数据,实证分析了农民合作社内部治理对其在农业产前、产中、产后横向服务能力和在农业生产资料、技术、信息、金融、机械、农产品销售和基础设施建设等纵向服务能力的影响,结果表明:股权结构集中度对两者均有负向影响,成员广泛持股有助于提升农民合作社的横向和纵向服务能力;理事长的受教育程度对横向服务能力有显著正向影响,股权激励对两者均有较显著的影响;内部监督对农民合作社纵向服务能力有显著正向影响;普通农民在理事会中比重的过高、理事会成员出资比例过高等会降低农民合作社的横向服务能力。     

试析宋代城镇雇工发达之原因

雇工是中国经济史上一种古老而常见的经济现象。入宋后,伴随着封建社会的急剧变革和经济的空前高涨,使雇工的发展面临着前所未有的历史机遇。于是,雇工这一古代社会最底层的劳动群体再趋活跃,广泛分布于当时社会的生产和生活等各个领域。宋代城镇雇工发达的原因可以从农民人身依附关系的松弛、农民生活的艰辛、土地兼并的严重、人地矛盾的加剧及宋代城镇规模扩大,经济繁荣等方面窥其端倪。     

推进城镇化是解决"三农"问题的根本出路

十六大报告提出农村要走中国特色的城镇化道路 ,是符合我国国情及农村生产力的发展水平的 ,标明我们已跳出了就“三农”解决“三农”问题的思路 ,开辟了农村经济发展的新思路。要注意从国情出发 ,走多元化的城镇化道路并加强对小城镇的规划和管理。     

Depression,anxiety, and tobacco use: Overlapping impediments to sleep in a national sample of college students

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To examine how tobacco use and depression/anxiety disorders are related to disturbed sleep in college students. Participants: 85,138 undergraduate respondents (66.3% female, 74.5% white, non-Hispanic, ages 18–25) from the Spring 2011 American College Health Association–National College Health Assessment II database. Methods: Multivariate analyses of tobacco use (none, intermediate, daily) and mental health (diagnosed and/or symptomatic depression or anxiety) were used to predict sleep disturbance. Results: Daily tobacco use was associated with more sleep problems than binge drinking, illegal drug use, obesity, gender, and working >20 hours/week. Students with depression or anxiety reported more sleep disturbances than individuals without either disorder, and tobacco use in this population was associated with the most sleep problems. Conclusions: Tobacco use and depression/anxiety disorders are both independently associated with more sleep problems in college students. Students with depression and/or anxiety are more likely to be daily tobacco users, which likely exacerbates their sleep problems.     

关于农村信用社模式改革的思考

农村信用社经过多年的改革许多省份都选择了省联社的模式，在这种模式下的农村信用社有许多缺点。为了避免这些缺点，许多人建议将农村信用社改组为农村商业银行。但如果再建立省级农村商业银行容易使农村地区更难得到贷款的支持，所以建议在农村信用社下一步的改革中设立两级的农村商业银行。     

Cigarette Smoking Among Korean International College Students in the United States

Abstract

Objective and Participants: This study explored (1) the prevalence of cigarette smoking among South Korean international college students in the United States, (2) differences in smoking between on- and off-campus living arrangements, and (3) predictors of an increase in smoking over time in the United States Methods: An online survey was completed by 1,201 students at 52 4-year US universities (34% response rate). Results: The overall smoking prevalence was 43.5%. The smoking rate (29.0%) of female students was higher than that (4%) of female college students in South Korea. Sex, living place, living situation, length of stay as a student in the United States, home smoking rules, campus-wide tobacco-free policies, and levels of acculturative stress, anxiety, and depression were significantly associated with an increase in smoking (p < .05). Conclusions: Given the high smoking prevalence among the South Korean students on US college campuses, targeted prevention efforts for these students may be warranted.