The measurement of historical trends in fetal mortality in England and Wales

This paper critically discusses recent attempts to estimate long-term trends in the stillbirth rate for England and Wales. It assesses the available historical evidence for the level of late-fetal mortality, drawing especially on examples from Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. A theoretical fetal–infant life table for a high-mortality population is also outlined as a means of analysing the relationship between segments of the conception-to-first-birthday mortality curve. Finally, new estimates of the stillbirth rate for England and Wales are proposed, based on variations in the early neonatal and maternal mortality rates during the 1930s. These estimates are substantially lower than the earlier estimates and are more in keeping with the available evidence from northern Europe. The implications of the revised estimates for interpretations of historical changes in mortality patterns are also considered.     

How old is old? Revising the definition based on life table criteria

Sixty‐five has long been thought of as the point of entry into “old age.”; We propose a number of life table criteria for answering the following questions: If 65 was considered appropriate four decades ago, what is the corresponding age today? If 65 was (implicitly) a male‐oriented definition four decades ago, as we believe it was, what would have been the appropriate definition for women at that time, and what is it today? We address these questions by applying our criteria to Canada, using 1951 and 1991 life tables, but the criteria could be applied equally well to other countries. For other developed countries we would expect broadly similar results.     

农村地区分家时间研究：基于生命表的分析

利用2012年“陕西省农村婚姻家庭变动研究调查”数据,本文采用生命表的分析方法构建了儿子（女儿）初婚后离开父母（公婆）的分家生命表,对农村地区分家时间的变动态势、分家时间在不同维度的分布特征进行了定量分析。研究结果表明：分家时间集中在初婚后三年之内,且分家比例随着结婚年数的增加逐渐减少。父母做主的婚姻方式和较高的彩礼比重推迟了分家时间;分家时间随兄弟个数增加提前且分家比例增加。     

论清真词去声之妙用

清真声调之谨严,为诸家之冠.而四声中尤重去声之运用.或用作领字以发调,或以平去互相对照而收跌蘯之妙.或用于拗句中,以应音律之需要.并意锤炼去声之字眼,以营造警动之境.后人守之如金科玉律.此文旨在考察清真运用去声之规律.     

还珠楼主李寿民先生年表

还珠楼主(1902-1961),本名李寿民,中国武侠小说大宗师。著有武侠小说36部:《蜀山剑侠传》、《青城十九侠》等11部出世仙侠(剑侠)系列小说,述正邪两派剑仙间善恶之争,文笔华美,极富诗情,想象瑰丽,气势磅礴,融儒、道、释三教哲理于一炉,寓意深远;《云海争奇记》、《兵书峡》等25部入世武侠小说,提倡崇善除恶、孝友义侠,表彰人的价值尊严。还珠武侠对郑证因、朱贞木、梁羽生、金庸、古龙等均有启迪之功。     

多状态生命表模型在人力资源规划中的应用研究

本文针对企业人力资源变动的结构性特征,将人口统计分析中的多状态生命表模型应用于企业人力资源规划中,并应用此模型对某一企业人力资源状况进行详细的分析研究,验证这一模型在人力资源规划中的可行性,揭示我国企业人力资源流动现状。     

工商管理专业ERP沙盘模拟教学的反思与改进

传统教学方式以理论教学为主,案例教学因学生缺少实践经验而收效甚微,也不能充分调动学生的积极性。ERP沙盘模拟训练具有趣味性、体验性、实战性等特点,能够充分调动学生学习的积极性和主动性。让学生将所学知识应用于实践,加深学生对知识的理解和应用,锻炼其团队精神、规划能力和合作精神,提高学生的就业和创业能力。对ERP沙盘模拟教学存在的问题也进行了反思。     

普通高校乒乓球选修课教学特点及改进对策探讨

为了提高普通高校乒乓球选修课教学水平,对当前高校乒乓球选修课教学特点和传统教学方法进行了分析和反思,认为乒乓球选修课的教学应根据乒乓球教学的目标与任务以及不同教学法的特点与适宜对象,在传统教学法的基础上,不断改革和优化乒乓球教学内容,创新和丰富乒乓球教学方法,以使教学效果达到最佳。     

论钢琴弹奏中触键对音色的影响

音色实质上就是一种声音效果。在钢琴弹奏中,音色的控制非常重要。掌握具体的触键技术对钢琴弹奏中音色的控制至关重要。触键高度、触键力度、触键角度、触键速度、触键深度的不同会对音色产生不同的影响。五种触键技术应根据所弹奏的音乐作品的需要予以灵活运用。     

类型学差异对语言接触中声调匹配及回归的影响

实验语音分析是研究维族汉语声调匹配和回归规律的有效方法。维族汉语语料声学分析表明,声调完成有序化匹配的时间比声母、韵母完成匹配的时间要长;维族汉语单字调的匹配、回归是分阶进行的;维族汉语双音节声调模式受母语音高重音模式潜在制约;维族汉语"维腔维调"现象是维汉语言类型学差异在语言接触中的表现。