The Design of Scoring Schemes for Surveys Using the Block Total Response Method

ABSTRACT

In this article we investigate the design of scoring schemes for surveys using the block total response method. This method was first proposed by Raghavarao and Federer (1979 Raghavarao , D. , Federer , W. T. ( 1979 ). Block total response as an alternative to the randomized response method in surveys . J. Roy. Statist. Soc. 41 ( 1 ): 40 – 45 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]  [Google Scholar]) to provide accurate estimates of the base rates of sensitive characteristics using balanced incomplete block designs. The scoring scheme used in Raghavarao and Federer (1979 Raghavarao , D. , Federer , W. T. ( 1979 ). Block total response as an alternative to the randomized response method in surveys . J. Roy. Statist. Soc. 41 ( 1 ): 40 – 45 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]  [Google Scholar]) did not guarantee anonymity of answers and so the possibility of improving on this basic scoring scheme is considered in this article.     

McDonald's ωt,Cronbach's α, and Generalized θ for Composite Reliability of Common Factors Structures

In the common factor model for subtest scores, several reliability coefficients, including Cronbach's α, have been found to be biased. In this article, we introduce a new coefficient, θ_G, or Generalized θ, which is a generalized version of Armor's θ coefficient and is equal to the true reliability when the dimensions are orthogonal and the measures are parallel. We assessed the McDonald's ω_t, α, and θ_G in terms of mean bias, efficiency, and precision using a Monte Carlo simulation. θ_G outperformed ω_t when the factors were orthogonal or nearly orthogonal with low correlations between them.     

高校基础研究投入与地区创新——来自地级市层面的经验证据

基于2008-2014年地级市层面的面板数据,实证检验了高校基础研究投入对地区创新存在着先抑制后促进的“U”型非线性影响效应。进一步的DID识别策略表明,高校基础研究政策促进了中国地级市层面除外观设计专利之外的创新,但不会促进地级市层面的全要素生产率提升,由此解释了高校基础研究对中国经济增长难以形成有效支撑的现象。     

Factor Structure and Reliability of the Advantages of Children Scale with Latino and Caucasian Male Emerging Adults

Abstract

Based on the value of children theory, the purpose of this study was to develop and establish the factor structure and internal consistency reliability of the Advantages of Children Scale (ACS), a self-report measure of a modification of Hoffman and Hoffman’s value scheme of the psychological needs children meet for their parents. Data were collected from 685 emerging adult men identifying as Latino or Caucasian who were not parents. Results of the confirmatory factor analysis found a good fit for the six hypothesized subscales on the ACS: connectedness, expansion of self, family heritage, adult status and social identity, development of self, and family maintenance. We discuss potential applications of the measure in research and practice.     

城镇化、工业化对农业全要素生产率增长的影响研究——来自重庆37个县(区)面板数据的证据

文章基于2000—2016年重庆37个县（区）面板数据，使用序列DEA方法测算了重庆农业全要素生产率变动，在此基础上探讨了重庆农业全要素生产率增长的时间演变，并从理论和实证层面系统考察了城镇化和工业化对农业全要素生产率增长的影响。结果表明：首先，2000—2016年间重庆市农业全要素生产率呈上升趋势，2007年后重庆市农业全要素生产率增长更为明显，并且重庆市各地区呈现出明显的空间不平衡性。其次，动态面板模型的实证结果表明城镇化对农业全要素生产率增长具有显著正向影响，工业化对农业全要素生产率增长也具有显著正向影响。最后，研究还发现基础设施、教育水平以及金融发展程度对农业全要素生产率增长均具有显著正向影响，而产业结构对农业全要素生产率增长具有显著负向影响。     

中国全要素农田水利效率的地区差异和门槛效应研究

农田水利作为我国农业基础设施投资的重要组成部分,对农业经济增长及农民增收具有重要影响。基于DEA在全要素生产的框架,构建全面衡量我国农田水利效率的指标——全要素农田水利效率,选取2001—2015年省级面板数据,运用DEA Malmquist方法测算31个省的全要素农田水利效率,并对不同区域农田水利效率进行对比分析。研究结果表明我国全要素农田水利效率存在明显地区差异,东北地区效率最高、超过农业大省聚集的华东和华中地区;全要素农田水利效率与区域经济发展水平存在不完全匹配现象,主要与农田水利效率及影响因素之间的非线性关系有关。基于农田水利效率省际差异,采用门槛回归模型检验影响全要素农田水利效率的门槛特征,研究结果显示：农村经济发展水平对农田水利全要素生产率存在显著的收敛门槛效应、机械动力投入对农田水利全要素生产率存在明显的加速门槛效应。     

新常态下交通对中国经济质量增长的贡献

根据交通外部性和非线性理论构建交通门槛模型,并基于1985-2012年中国省际面板数据,采用Hansen门槛效应的内生分组方法检验新常态下交通对中国经济增长质量的贡献。结果显示：新常态下交通对经济增长质量贡献略低于"旧常态",但仍表现出区间"递增"趋势;把新常态下TFP分解为技术进步和技术效率,发现中密度地区要素配置结构已不适应技术进步的需要,高密度地区技术效率相对技术进步对经济增长质量的贡献较低;随着区间交通密度的增加,"政府干预经济"更有效率,但城市化和产业发展对经济增长质量贡献由正转负。为进一步提升新常态下交通对中国经济增长质量的贡献,应定向适度加大"中密度地区"交通投资力度,助其跳出"低增长陷阱";借助信息化、智能化手段引领交通建设转型升级以提高经济运行效率;构建"交通-产业-城镇"三位一体的协同新型综合交通体系;协调好城市化与交通基础设施建设之间的关系。     

《侵权责任法》第16条之我见——对残疾赔偿金与死亡赔偿金的解读

《侵权责任法》第22条规定了精神抚慰金,第16条规定了残疾赔偿金与死亡赔偿金,而没有规定被扶养人的抚养费请求权。由于＂两金＂在性质上属于精神抚慰金,所以,＂两金＂与精神抚慰金不得主张;尽管＂两金＂与被扶养人的抚养费性质不同,理论上似乎可以并用,但由于＂两金＂在赔偿标准上采取了＂遗失利益损害赔偿＂的计算方法,使对受害人及其家庭的救济达到了如同没有发生侵权损害一样,所以,被扶养人的抚养费亦不可以与＂两金＂并用。