The establishment of Macao as a special port city and ensuing debates

澳门是中国最早对外开放的港口城市之一。但它如何在明朝中国的体制下开放 给葡萄牙人，其性质和作用如何，曾经引起朝野内外的争论，也经历了一个漫长的 演变过程，并最终得以发展成为一个商业城市。澳门港口城市早期形成、发展的特 殊政治环境、行政形态和社会生活经验，造就了澳门“和而不同，不同而和”的特 性和传统，承传数百年而生生不灭。

关键词: 澳门、?港口开放、?城市建立、?政治争论、?历史作用

Macao was one of the earliest port cities in China to be opened to foreigners; but how, under the institutions of Ming dynasty China, it should be opened to the Portuguese, and what its character and function should be, were subjects that triggered controversy both at court and among non‐officials. It was only after a lengthy process of evolution that Macao finally developed into a commercial city. The special political environment, administrative patterns and social experiences of early Macao created a unique character and tradition of “harmony amidst difference, and difference amidst harmony” that was maintained for centuries with undiminished vitality.     

Children's Behavior Problems in Single-Parent and Married-Parent Families

Abstract

A model integrating prevailing perspectives on children's functioning following divorce was used to predict children's behavior problems. The data were collected from 30 custodial mothers, 30 custodial fathers, and 30 married parents with children 6 to 10 years of age, using face-to-face interviews and standardized questionnaires. Results using path analysis indicated that marital status and parental control had significant direct effects on children's behavior problems. Sex of parent, economic strain, co-parental conflict, coping with roles, and parenting indirectly influenced children's behavior through parental control. The findings suggest that the pressures inherent in raising a child alone, combined with too few resources for coping with role demands, are disruptive to both parenting and parental control, and that children in single-parent families appear to respond to these deficits with disruptive behaviors. Implications for family practice and policy are discussed.     

近代汉语数词表示法

本文从近代汉语经典文献中收集、整理、归纳出零数、整数、序数、虚数、约数、分数、倍数、问数等数词表示法，并比照古代汉语和现代汉语数词表示方法，从中发现近代汉语在汉语史上“桥梁”意义。     

现代教师职业角色人格特征探究

梳理探究教师职业角色人格特征,不仅关涉到教师的存在方式和生命质量,而且还决定着教育的质量和学习的深度。学生感受领悟教师人格特征慈、智、诚、正的品德美、机睿美、真情美和公道美,进而在其熏陶感染下向其不断地靠拢接近,本身就是学习,而且是更深刻、更全面、更有效的教育和学习。     

Beliefs About Diet and Health:

Low income older women (N = 20) in South Carolina were recruited from congregate meal sites for qualitative interviews to assess beliefs about general health, physical functioning, and preventive health behaviors. A loosely structured interview guide of topics was used to encourage free expression of informants' ideas. The Ethnograph analysis package was used for data analysis. In response to open-ended questions, the women spontaneously shared their beliefs about diet and health. Implications for health promotion in rural areas are discussed.     

Is there nothing beyond postmodernism and ‘the theoretical Other’? The need for balancing universalism and diversity in social work

In his article, 'Against difference and diversity in social work: the case of human rights', Stephen Webb captures several important problems concerning the application of a postmodern human rights perspective in social work. Although accepting Webb's diagnosis, for example that the postmodern discourse neglects basic structural conditions essential for understanding social problems and thus leads to a policy of symbols and rhetoric, this article argues that Webb reifies the perspectives of diversity and universalism and misses the need for balancing these aspects in the practice of social work. Some general argumentative techniques in the postmodern discourse are identified, and it is argued that several of Webb's conclusions are reached via those argumentative techniques, particularly when it comes to his claim that the philosopher Alain Badiou could play a central role for social work. The possibility of implementing in social work general philosophical programmes such as Alain Badiou's is questioned.     

高校教师角色的发展及其类型

高校教师角色,是伴随着大学的变革而发展的.高校教师角色的类型是多样化的.现代高校教师角色主要表现为教育者、研究者、服务者、道德者和批判者.     

口译的"忠实"

对“忠实”作为口译标准进行了研究。通过探讨理想口译的内涵 ,指出译员在口译中既要充当语言媒介或桥梁 ,又必须扮演好口译者本身的角色 ;这就要求译员有时必须完全“忠实”地口译 ,有时则不完全“忠实”地口译 ,有时甚至完全不“忠实”地口译 ;“忠实”对于口译只是相对的。     

制度变迁中国家作用的经济学分析 --兼论建立社会主义市场经济体制必须进一步发挥国家的积极性

制度变迁是指制度的替代、转换与交易过程。由于国家具有强制性、垄断性以及规 模经济的优势,不论是在制度变迁的需求和供给上,还是在不同类型的制度变迁以及解决制度变 迁的路径依赖上,国家都发挥着独特的作用。而中国经济体制的转型过程,从实质上说,就是一个 制度变迁的过程。为了顺利实现和尽早完成由计划经济体制向市场经济体制的转型,必须进一步 发挥国家在这一制度变迁中的积极作用。     

Cross-national differences in work-nonwork conflict

The present study examines the level of work-nonwork conflict found in eight countries categorized by value dimensions of individualism/collectivism and masculinity/femininity. Results indicate that masculine/collectivist countries have the lowest level of work-nonwork conflict. In addition, it was found that in masculine/collectivist countries, the work role dominates over the nonwork role.