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171.
The ethnic regions of Western Chi ̄na are rich in ecological and cultural tourism re ̄sources. At the same time, the regions are also ec ̄ologically vulnerable areas with large populations of ethnic groups who have lived for a long time in poverty. Based on years’ investigation, it is obvi ̄ous that tourism development, even though it can promote local economic development, has had a significant negative impact on the ecology, envi ̄ronment and local communities. During the 18 th and 17 th National Congresses of the Communist Pary of China, a policy was announced to improve ecological compensation and accelerate the estab ̄lishment of an ecological compensation mecha ̄nism. So far, both government and academia have mainly focused on the effects and necessities of building a mechanism for ecological compensation. Of special concern, even if governments at all lev ̄els sequentially enacted a series of policie with cer ̄tain characteristics of ecological compensation, the public is still questioning the impartiality and legit ̄imacy of the charges of such policy of ecological compensation. Thus, the task of implementing the ecological compensation policy faces many obsta ̄cles. At present, the core research issue on eco ̄logical compensation is no longer just the question of why it should be charged. This question was al ̄ready clearly stated in official documents from cen ̄tral government. Up to now, the core issues that need clarification are:in practice, how the charge be made; what amount of money should be charged;how will the revenue from the charge be used;how will the revenue derived from the charge be audited; and whether or not this charge can help to achieve government objectives in such a way.
Based on the unique background of the ethnic regions of Western China, this paper deeply analy ̄ses issues of implementing policies such as ecologi ̄cal compensation for tourism, including the illegi ̄bility and legitimacy of who should pay, how much should be paid, and how to manage the funds im ̄partially; and providing scientific and reasonable countermeasures to solve these practical problems. Compared with other industries, the tourism indus ̄try became the pioneer for the practice of ecologi ̄cal compensation as well as the research objective of ecological compensation studies. Some research ̄ers defined ecological compensation for tourism as a system of regulating related ecological interests to protect the ecosystems of tourism destinations and promote sustainable development of the tourism in ̄dustry ( Zhang Yiqun, Yang Guihua, 2012 ) . Al ̄though such a definition is still fuzzy, at least it in ̄dicates that the research of ecological compensation for tourism involves interdisciplinary fields inclu ̄ding Economics, Sociology, Ecology and Tourism, etc. Currently, the research of ecological compen ̄sation for tourism has insufficient first hand empiri ̄cal research data. At the same time it has not yet had nationwide impact, either domestically or over ̄seas. The research on implementing policies for the ecological compensation of tourism is at an early stage in China.
Obviously, it is hard to find sufficient re ̄search results or research methods for reference, which brings certain limitations to this paper. To demonstrate the scope of this study, this paper de ̄fined tourism ecological compensation as exploring the feasibility of spending fiscal revenue ( paid by tourism enterprises, tourists or other stakeholders) on protecting natural ecological environment. Based on this definition, this paper generated three actual issues with regard to implementing policies of ecological compensation for tourism, including the vagueness of the charge, the lack of unified, standard levies, and the non-tranparency of fund management. Combined with analyzing the current special background of implementing policies of ec ̄ological compensation for tourism in the ethnic re ̄gions of Western China, and by especially empha ̄sizing the local communities of the ethnic groups who should be compensated, this paper tries to provide scientific and reasonable countermeasures consisting of implementing corresponding national policy, formulating correlated policy in accordance with local conditions and standardizing and institu ̄tionalizing fund management. This paper not only attempts to support strongly implementing policies of ecological compensation for tourism at the insti ̄tutional level, but also to coordinate the contradic ̄tions between tourism development and ecological protection, and local community self - develop ̄ment, hoping to achieve the win-win objectives of promoting an ecological compensation policy for tourism, tourism poverty alleviation and ecological civilization. 相似文献
Based on the unique background of the ethnic regions of Western China, this paper deeply analy ̄ses issues of implementing policies such as ecologi ̄cal compensation for tourism, including the illegi ̄bility and legitimacy of who should pay, how much should be paid, and how to manage the funds im ̄partially; and providing scientific and reasonable countermeasures to solve these practical problems. Compared with other industries, the tourism indus ̄try became the pioneer for the practice of ecologi ̄cal compensation as well as the research objective of ecological compensation studies. Some research ̄ers defined ecological compensation for tourism as a system of regulating related ecological interests to protect the ecosystems of tourism destinations and promote sustainable development of the tourism in ̄dustry ( Zhang Yiqun, Yang Guihua, 2012 ) . Al ̄though such a definition is still fuzzy, at least it in ̄dicates that the research of ecological compensation for tourism involves interdisciplinary fields inclu ̄ding Economics, Sociology, Ecology and Tourism, etc. Currently, the research of ecological compen ̄sation for tourism has insufficient first hand empiri ̄cal research data. At the same time it has not yet had nationwide impact, either domestically or over ̄seas. The research on implementing policies for the ecological compensation of tourism is at an early stage in China.
Obviously, it is hard to find sufficient re ̄search results or research methods for reference, which brings certain limitations to this paper. To demonstrate the scope of this study, this paper de ̄fined tourism ecological compensation as exploring the feasibility of spending fiscal revenue ( paid by tourism enterprises, tourists or other stakeholders) on protecting natural ecological environment. Based on this definition, this paper generated three actual issues with regard to implementing policies of ecological compensation for tourism, including the vagueness of the charge, the lack of unified, standard levies, and the non-tranparency of fund management. Combined with analyzing the current special background of implementing policies of ec ̄ological compensation for tourism in the ethnic re ̄gions of Western China, and by especially empha ̄sizing the local communities of the ethnic groups who should be compensated, this paper tries to provide scientific and reasonable countermeasures consisting of implementing corresponding national policy, formulating correlated policy in accordance with local conditions and standardizing and institu ̄tionalizing fund management. This paper not only attempts to support strongly implementing policies of ecological compensation for tourism at the insti ̄tutional level, but also to coordinate the contradic ̄tions between tourism development and ecological protection, and local community self - develop ̄ment, hoping to achieve the win-win objectives of promoting an ecological compensation policy for tourism, tourism poverty alleviation and ecological civilization. 相似文献
172.
中国西南地区泸沽湖周围的摩梭人,至今仍保留着母系家庭与母系文化,这从一个重要方面展现了中华文化及人类社会文化的多样性.近年来,由于经济社会发展的不断加快,摩梭母系家庭数量已明显减少,余下的母系家庭也渐"空壳化".在摩梭母系文化面临解体之时,学术界应深入研究,为这一文化的保护提供参考.泸沽湖周边摩梭母系婚姻家庭的出现与长期延续,除与其居住地特殊自然、地理环境有关外,还与其族源有关.泸沽湖摩梭人的母系文化虽然有其特点,但应是川滇之间历史上曾存在的"母系文化带"的一部份.摩梭社会中出现母系、父系及双系家庭并存现象有着经济、政治、文化等多方面的原因,但双系家庭并非母系家庭与父系家庭间的过渡.摩梭母系文化的深入研究,还应注意与四川甘孜道孚县扎巴母系文化作比较,这样既可更多的更大范围的了解"母系文化带",也可加深对泸沽湖边摩梭母系文化特点的认识. 相似文献
173.
作为对口援藏项目中规模最大的项目,鲁朗国际旅游小镇项目总投资超过30亿元,必然会对项目所在地鲁朗镇居民的生计方式带来巨大的影响.本文分析了当地居民的生计方式从自给自足的农牧业以及狩猎采集到伐木经济再到家庭旅馆的变迁过程,在旅游资源规模化开发下,农牧民生计方式发生非常大的转换,也对当地农牧民生计产生了负面冲击,为此,政府采取了保护性措施.作者发现,由于政府与当地农牧民所占视角的不同,在一些政策实施上,当地政府的实施愿望与当地农牧民想法产生了差异,故当地农牧民并不完全认同政府推行的一些政策. 相似文献
174.
云南民俗旅游的休闲化特征研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
当选择旅游作为一种休闲方式已成为比较普遍的行为时,云南民俗旅游成为休闲市场中的热点。然而关键的问题是,如何提高人的文化素养、审美情趣、感受能力和鉴赏眼光,让出门旅游成为人们融于自然、理解文化、感受文明、陶冶性情的一种综合的休闲方式。将休闲旅游变成社会文明的一份动力,已经成为时代的需要。这就需要对云南民俗旅游的休闲化特征及其功能进行以调查为基础的理论分析,以完善民俗旅游的休闲化发展。 相似文献
175.
当代国际政治理论的发展演变表现出一种对国际政治现象进行多重视角、多种层次研究的趋势,它给予人们的一个重要启示就是,没有一种能够解释一切的理论。但反过来说,不同的理论针对不同的对象也具有各不相同的解释力。我们必须认识到任何单一的理论都不可能解释国家对外行为的全部复杂性,必须提出一种综合的分析框架,结合现实主义、自由主义和建构主义各自精到的阐述,从历史、经济、政治、文化的视角来进行阐述和分析。 相似文献
176.
自贡市观光农业虽然近几年蓬勃兴起,观光农业项目数量增加较快,市场需求也逐渐扩大,但在发展过程中还存在一些不容忽视的问题。因此,文章在对四川观光农业充分调研的基础上,以自贡观光农业为例,探讨了自贡观光农业存在的问题,同时提出了自贡观光农业的发展对策。 相似文献
177.
178.
远去与归来构成了一种方法论,这种方法论超越了乡土社会研究的村落传统.村落从来不是局限在村落的范围内的,通过行者的远去,村落的边界得到了跨越.同时考虑到归来取向的村落研究与远去取向的跨村落研究,一种田野民族志的方法论才堪称完整. 相似文献
179.
地方知识的本质与构造——基于乡村社区民族志研究的阐释 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
地方知识是阐释人类学的标志性概念.在民族志研究的基础上,作者指出,地方知识的本质是一种文化信念,在乡村社区里,地方知识由类官方知识、大众知识和传统知识三部分组成. 相似文献
180.
文章考察了旅游中的民族文化整合与传承问题,结合具体个案民族文化主题项目"印象·刘三姐"对旅游环境导向中的民族文化和符号进行了以文化整合过程和结构的解析,以其中的民族文化元素山歌的原生、再生、衍生方式加以阐述了传承问题. 相似文献