医院简介编译策略探析

基于中美30家医院官网英文简介的文本分析,对比中美医院英文简介在传播内容、文本结构、修辞手段和多模态使用等四个方面的异同,讨论中国医院英文简介存在的不足,旨在探讨编译策略在医院简介翻译中的应用。认为医院简介的英译不可采取一一对应的完全翻译策略,而是应充分考虑读者的接受度,通过精简篇幅、筛选内容、厘清结构、变换人称以及增加模态等编译策略使译文无论是在内容层面还是结构形式上都更易为读者所接受,以期达到理想的传播效果。     

江苏省民营医院发展状况及策略研究

目的：揭示江苏省民营医院的发展状况,为进一步鼓励和吸引社会资本投资医疗卫生领域,提供有效的政策建议。方法：采用描述分析和对比分析对江苏省2011—2015年的民营医院数量、等级情况、床位配置、卫生人力资源、诊疗服务能力、服务效率进行研究。结果：目前江苏省民营医院整体在快速成长,医院数量、病床数、服务量等医疗服务市场占有量都有了较快增长,但是仍然存在诸如自身市场定位不清、医疗卫生资源短缺、政策落实困难等一系列问题。结论：民营医院要坚持多元化发展,正确定位;加强自身人才建设,形成人才储备;做好政府监管,规范医疗服务市场。     

Clinical Capital and the Risk of Maternal Labor and Delivery Complications: Hospital Scheduling,Timing, and Cohort Turnover Effects

The establishment of interventions to maximize maternal health requires the identification of modifiable risk factors. Toward the identification of modifiable hospital‐based factors, we analyze over 2 million births from 2005 to 2010 in Texas, employing a series of quasi‐experimental tests involving hourly, daily, and monthly circumstances where medical service quality (or clinical capital) is known to vary exogenously. Motivated by a clinician's choice model, we investigate whether maternal delivery complications (1) vary by work shift, (2) increase by the hours worked within shifts, (3) increase on weekends and holidays when hospitals are typically understaffed, and (4) are higher in July when a new cohort of residents enter teaching hospitals. We find consistent evidence of a sizable statistical relationship between deliveries during nonstandard schedules and negative patient outcomes. Delivery complications are higher during night shifts (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.18–1.25), and on weekends (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04–1.14) and holidays (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.04–1.60), when hospitals are understaffed and less experienced doctors are more likely to work. Within shifts, we show deterioration of occupational performance per additional hour worked (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01–1.02). We observe substantial additional risk at teaching hospitals in July (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.14–1.43), reflecting a cohort‐turnover effect. All results are robust to the exclusion of noninduced births and intuitively falsified with analyses of chromosomal disorders. Results from our multiple‐test strategy indicate that hospitals can meaningfully attenuate harm to maternal health through strategic scheduling of staff.     

无国籍女人:在传统与现代之间徘徊的族群

广西那坡县百省乡的壮、瑶、苗、彝等民族都有人娶越南女人为妻。这些越南女人既没有加入中国国籍,事实上又自动丧失了越南国籍,成为无国籍女人。无国籍女人在传统民间是被认同的,但是在现代国家管理体制下她们是违法者。首先,她们是非法入境者,要面临被驱逐出境的危险。其次,只要她们生育,即违反中国的非婚生育规定,必须交纳社会抚养费,这使她们被迫陷入更加困窘的境地,成为被边缘化的新族群。     

质疑“皇权不下县”：基于宏观的长时段的动态历史考证

自秦汉至明清之际的1800余年,中国历代王朝的“编户齐民”一直在2000万人至6000万人之间徘徊,全国的耕地面积基本维持在8亿亩左右,县的数量大体保持在1500个上下,总体上并没有达到“地方百里、人口万户”的标准建制,因而属于一种“小县制”。同时,县以下还有乡里制度和以什伍编制为基本组织原则的保甲体系,皇权专制集权统治以“县政”为依托,其政治影响可谓无所不在、无事不管。因此,由当代西方学者提出的所谓“国权不下县,县下惟宗族,宗族皆自治,自治靠伦理,伦理造乡绅”纯属于一种毫无历史根据和主观臆断的无稽之谈。     

The "Papy-boom": A historical opportunity for French public hospitals

Abstract   The French public hospital system represents a major element in overall social security expenditure and ongoing reforms are having a significant impact on its financial equilibrium and the internal management of its activities. Nonetheless, the system has been unable to achieve the productivity objectives imposed on it. Significantly, staffing costs account for three quarters of its expenditure, yet most employees are civil servants who cannot be laid off easily. The only possibility for meaningful change in the size of its workforce may lie in the demographic revolution now affecting the French population, which will see half the present staff of public hospitals reaching retirement age within the next decade.     

医院管理者职业化的措施探讨

为研究当前医院管理者的管理愿望、管理能力和管理绩效中存在的问题,我们对辽宁省内25家医院的管理者进行了调查,试图通过对调查资料的分析找出这些问题的成因,提出医院管理者职业化建设的目标、措施和配套政策以及分析医院管理者遴选、培训、使用的现状。探索医院管理者职业化运作所需的宏观经济政策、卫生政策和微观医院管理规章,推荐或设计医院管理者职业化的体制模式和运作机制,为相关部门提供政策建议或备选方案。     

对新时期医院思想政治工作的思考

随着我国社会主义市场经济的建立和完善,医疗卫生体制改革不断走向深入,医院人事、经济管理改革的推进,对医院思想政治工作提出了新的要求。在这种情况下,医院思想政治工作需要与时俱进,创新工作方法,促进医院全面发展,提升医院的核心竞争力,以推动中国特色的医疗卫生事业不断发展完善。     

The Status of Psychiatric Inpatient Group Therapy: Past,Present, and Future

This article examines the history, current conditions, and future possibilities of psychiatric inpatient group psychotherapy. Attention is directed toward exploring the purpose, structure, theoretical perspectives, and empirical research of inpatient group therapy. Trends in inpatient care are contextualized within a historical perspective and current politics of care. Future challenges to the viability of inpatient groups, including fiscal pressures, high patient acuity, shorter stays, and pressures for evidence-based practices, are considered.     

The Seeming Paradox of Increasing Mortality in a Highly Industrialized Nation: The Example of the Soviet Union

A discussion of the surprising phenomenon of declining life expectancy in a highly developed country such as the Soviet Union during the 1970s shows that this result was probably due only in a small part to ‘true’ causal changes in the conditions of living. At least equally important is the weaknesses of the measure of life expectancy by itself. The logical difference between period and cohort measurement is one part of the explanation. Another important factor is the adverse selection of risks by war, which makes international and intertemporal comparisons less valuable. Factors like population redistribution or changes in the registration also contribute to the explanation. Thus; life expectancy (in particular period life expectancy) should not, without closer consideration, be accepted as a reliable indicator of human welfare under such circumstances.