Optimization of Cascade‐Resilient Electrical Infrastructures and its Validation by Power Flow Modeling

Large‐scale outages on real‐world critical infrastructures, although infrequent, are increasingly disastrous to our society. In this article, we are primarily concerned with power transmission networks and we consider the problem of allocation of generation to distributors by rewiring links under the objectives of maximizing network resilience to cascading failure and minimizing investment costs. The combinatorial multiobjective optimization is carried out by a nondominated sorting binary differential evolution (NSBDE) algorithm. For each generators–distributors connection pattern considered in the NSBDE search, a computationally cheap, topological model of failure cascading in a complex network (named the Motter‐Lai [ML] model) is used to simulate and quantify network resilience to cascading failures initiated by targeted attacks. The results on the 400 kV French power transmission network case study show that the proposed method allows us to identify optimal patterns of generators–distributors connection that improve cascading resilience at an acceptable cost. To verify the realistic character of the results obtained by the NSBDE with the embedded ML topological model, a more realistic but also more computationally expensive model of cascading failures is adopted, based on optimal power flow (namely, the ORNL‐Pserc‐Alaska) model). The consistent results between the two models provide impetus for the use of topological, complex network theory models for analysis and optimization of large infrastructures against cascading failure with the advantages of simplicity, scalability, and low computational cost.     

保温层的临界热绝缘直径

通过对传热速率随保温层直径增加而变化的讨论,得出结论,保温层直径必须大于保温层的临界热绝缘直径,才能降低热损失。     

国际油价波动对国内消费物价水平传导非对称研究

中国原油定价机制逐步市场化,国内与国际油价的关联性大大提高。以研究国际油价波动对中国消费物价水平的传导为研究目的,以2007年1月-2015年12月为样本区间,从国际油价对CPI的传导机理入手,依据传导性质划分为直接传导和间接传导两条传导路径,并以此作为研究框架。以协整和非对称误差修正模型（APT-ECM）为主要研究方法,结合Wald检验和脉冲响应函数分析方法,深入剖析实际传导过程及其特征。实证结果表明,国际油价对国内消费物价水平的传导包括垂直传导和空间传导。受多种因素影响,实际传导效应在油价波动方向、波动幅度和传导速率方面表现出不同程度的非对称性特征。     

从模因论视角阐释仿拟修辞

在此尝试运用模因论对仿拟过程和仿拟种类进行阐释,认为仿拟过程遵循模因复制的四个阶段,而仿拟种类正是语言模因传播的两种形式,以期能为仿拟研究提供一个新视角。     

微博在教学应用中的传播模式研究

本文分析了微博的特点以及微博在教学中的应用。     

延长退休年龄影响人力资本的传导机制研究

本文通过考察二元劳动力市场和两种就业形式从而确定延长退休的作用对象,继而探索性地构建延长退休影响人力资本的传导机制。以影响人力资本存量的相关因素为媒介,延长退休分别对人力资本数量和人力资本质量产生作用,其对人力资本质量的影响又从个体、结构、资源配置效率、经济社会公平以及相关制度机制等方面表现出来。延长退休年龄的实施是一个牵一发而动全身的系统工程,应统筹兼顾,实现人口、经济和社会的全面协调可持续发展。     

A general hazard model for lifetime data in the presence of cure rate

Historically, the cure rate model has been used for modeling time-to-event data within which a significant proportion of patients are assumed to be cured of illnesses, including breast cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia, prostate cancer, melanoma, and head and neck cancer. Perhaps the most popular type of cure rate model is the mixture model introduced by Berkson and Gage [1]. In this model, it is assumed that a certain proportion of the patients are cured, in the sense that they do not present the event of interest during a long period of time and can found to be immune to the cause of failure under study. In this paper, we propose a general hazard model which accommodates comprehensive families of cure rate models as particular cases, including the model proposed by Berkson and Gage. The maximum-likelihood-estimation procedure is discussed. A simulation study analyzes the coverage probabilities of the asymptotic confidence intervals for the parameters. A real data set on children exposed to HIV by vertical transmission illustrates the methodology.     

货币政策对区域性民间金融危机的制度诱因与法治化调控探析

2011年,以温州为代表的民间金融危机再次发生,引起学界对引发此类民间金融危机在相关制度上诱因的关注。我国货币政策的多变是其中主要的因素之一,多变的货币政策与滞后的传导机制,致使部分实业型中小企业对间接融资预判不足,最终陷入资金链断裂困境。因此,我国应当寻求货币政策的法治化调控路径,推进货币政策透明度与利率市场化,建立起立法机关对货币政策工具运用的评价机制,依法完善货币政策传导机制,进而创造稳定的经济发展环境,防范区域性民间金融危机的再次发生。     

利比里亚大学孔子学院现状及发展分析

利比里亚大学孔子学院已成为利比里亚民众学习汉语语言文化,了解中国的一个重要窗口。学院在汉语教学推广以及中国文化宣传方面有着自己鲜明的特点。只要摸准并满足当地汉语学习者的需要,开设具有特色的课程,孔子学院必将吸引大量的学习者。     

独立学院的品牌定位探讨

独立学院健康持续发展的前提是正确定位自己的品牌,文章论述了独立学院品牌定位的含义、品牌定位的内容、品牌定位的传播方法和品牌定位的建设。