Perceptions of grandparents who provide auxiliary care: value transmission and child‐rearing practices

A grounded theory qualitative study was developed to explore how grandparents perceive their role as socializing agents. Forty‐two grandparents with grandchildren aged from 6 to 12 years old participated in this study. Data were collected through focus groups, which were conducted until reaching data saturation and analyzed using the constant comparative method. Four general conclusions emerged from the study: (i) grandparents recognized the importance of getting involved in the socialization of grandchildren as supporters of parents' socializing role, and the need to adapt to social changes; (ii) they emphasized traditional value that were perceived in decline, and combination of warmth and involvement were considered the best way to help grandchildren internalize values; (iii) interaction with grandchildren helped grandparents to feel active and useful, increased their life purpose and gave them a second chance to enjoy what they could not with their own children; and (iv) grandparents also accused burden and role ambiguity. These results show the importance of developing family policies that recognize grandparents' socializing role. Also, interventions that promote strategies that enable grandparents to perform their role more successfully and to cope with possible family conflicts should be developed.     

模因论下基因型网络文化用语的翻译

人类语言模因的传递是以基因般的模式进行的。从翻译的角度看,翻译要实现的是一种语言模因跨语言环境的复制和传播,这一过程是由译者对源语语言模因的解码、编码和新的语言模因在目的语中的传播两部分构成的。文章以基因型网络文化用语模因为例,探讨了基因型语言模因的翻译和被接受的过程。     

The Intergenerational Continuity of Fathers' Absence in a Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Sample

Fathers' absence is a pattern that shows intergenerational continuity, most notably within disadvantaged populations. The process whereby this pattern is repeated across generations is not well understood. Using data from the Concordia Longitudinal Risk Project, the authors investigated pathways between fathers' absence in 1 generation and the experience of fathers' absence by their children. The current sample included 386 socioeconomically at‐risk individuals across 2 waves of data collection: (a) when they were children and (b) when they were adults with their own children. Analyses based on structural equation modeling revealed that men whose fathers were absent when they were children were more likely to become absent fathers, and women whose fathers were absent when they were children were more likely to have children with absent partners. Indirect pathways between fathers' absence in 2 generations through aggression, education, and substance abuse were illustrated for women. These findings add to the literature suggesting that fathers' absence during childhood has intergenerational effects.     

基于功率约束及节点频谱选择的认知协同路由

为了提升认知无线网络的数据传输效率,优化节点能量负载,提出一种协同路由算法。基于覆盖与底层技术的协作设计一种协同网络架构,该架构针对网络频带表现多样化提供了一种新的频谱选择策略,提升频谱资源效用。结合协同网络频谱选择时的干扰特性,根据频谱、干扰和功率约束关系,提出最大化链路容量的频谱及节点功率分配方法。在协同路由设计上引入了频谱效用参数,参数的度量标准涉及节点剩余能量和链路容量,以优化路由节点能量负载和传输效率为目的。仿真对比结果表明,算法有效地利用信道接入机会进行数据转发,提高了传输效率,相比基于竞争进化算法的多播路由方法,数据包传递成功率提升了1．4％,平均网络吞吐量高出8．4％,平均节点剩余能量高出3．2％,在均衡节点负载上性能良好。     

Modeling the impact of supra-structural network nodes: The case of anonymous syringe sharing and HIV among people who inject drugs

Networks are well understood as crucial to the diffusion of HIV among injection drug users (IDUs), but quasi-anonymous risk nodes - such as shooting galleries - resist measurement and incorporation into empirical analyses of disease diffusion. Drawing on network data from 767 IDUs in Bushwick, Brooklyn, we illustrate the use of calibrated agent-based models (CABMs) to account for network structure, injection practices, and quasi-anonymous transmission in shooting galleries. Results confirm the importance of network structure and actor heterogeneity to the magnitude and speed of HIV transmission. Models further demonstrate that quasi-anonymous injections in shooting galleries increase the speed of HIV diffusion across the whole network and have the greatest impact on HIV seroconversion levels for IDUs at the network periphery. Shooting galleries are shown to be transmission hubs that operate independently of traceable structural ties, linking otherwise unconnected network components. CABMs potentially increase understandings of HIV diffusion dynamics by infusing computer simulations with empirical data.     

存款准备金率政策的传导机制——基于商业银行资产负债管理的微观结构分析

由于经济体系中的流动性过剩问题日趋严重,中国人民银行连续上调存款准备金率,以期通过这种重量级的货币政策来收缩银行体系的货币供给,从而有效地控制流动性过剩.存款准备金率政策的最终政策效应,有赖于通过银行体系内部商业银行的资产负债管理行为而达成.然而,这一货币政策传导机制本身充满着诸多相互作用的变量和相应的行为选择.本文就这一问题出发,深入地解析了存款准备金率政策通过商业银行资产负债管理而起作用的内在微观结构.     

两组特殊标点符号的用法分析

为了防止或减少媒介因不当使用相关特殊标点符号而导致信息传播的质量下降，提高有关人员的写作或编辑质量，针对图书、期刊和报纸等出版物在使用标点符号“．”与“·”及“：”与“：”中出现的错误，利用典型例子，阐述了它们的常见用法，并对使用过程中易犯的一些错误进行了分析，提出了相关建议。     

Dynamics of the term structure of interest rates and monetary policy: is monetary policy effective during zero interest rate policy?

The monetary policy targets the short rates; however, during zero interest rate policy (ZIRP), the short end of the yield curve cannot serve as a policy instrument. Relying on the joint yields-macro latent factors model, this study empirically examines the effect of monetary policy stances on term structure and the possible feedback effect on the real sector using the Japanese experience of ZIRP. The analysis indicates that it is the entire term structure that transmits the policy shocks to the real economy rather than the yield spread only. The monetary policy signals pass through the yield curve level and slope factors to stimulate the economic activity. The curvature factor, besides reflecting the cyclical fluctuations of the economy, acts as a leading indicator for future inflation. In addition, policy influence tends to be low as the short end becomes segmented toward medium/long-term of the yield curve. Furthermore, volatility in bond markets is found to be asymmetrically affected by positive and negative shocks and long end tends to be less sensitive to stochastic shocks than the short maturities. The expectation hypothesis of the term structure does not hold during the ZIRP period.     

基于Solid works蜗轮蜗杆三维建模的研究

在Solid works环境下进行了蜗轮蜗杆三维设计研究,这对类似复杂曲面的零件设计具有实际意义。     

后现代语境下跨文化传播的“图像转向”——蔡志忠漫画中英文版《论语》的启示

《论语》在其产生后的两千多年历史中,对中国、亚洲乃至世界政治、经济、文化、社会等各个层面都产生了深刻的影响。《论语》在其复译过程中产生了逾四十本风格迥异的译本,其中蔡志忠漫画中英文版《论语》为经典阐释开辟了一条新的道路。蔡版《论语》把作为一本充满东方气韵的古代哲思语录《论语》从独一无二或少数人特权的局限中解放出来,使之成为兼具民族个性及大众欢迎的文化产品,引发出我们对跨文化传播的思考。