集体林权纠纷解决的制度现状与对策研究--基于江西省某县个案的分析

化解集体林权纠纷是新一轮集体林权制度改革的重要工作,但林权纠纷解决难度大,影响了改革工作的深入开展。研究首先梳理了集体林权纠纷解决的制度安排;其次以江西省某县A、B两个村民小组因737号山场发生的林权纠纷案件作为研究对象,介绍了林权纠纷解决过程的特殊性;再次,探析了现行纠纷解决制度存在的低效问题及其成因。最后提出完善制度的顶层设计、重视非正式制度作用、加强调解机构能力建设、创新纠纷解决方法等对策建议。     

Empirical likelihood based detection procedure for change point in mean residual life functions under random censorship

The mean residual life (MRL) function is one of the basic parameters of interest in survival analysis that describes the expected remaining time of an individual after a certain age. The study of changes in the MRL function is practical and interesting because it may help us to identify some factors such as age and gender that may influence the remaining lifetimes of patients after receiving a certain surgery. In this paper, we propose a detection procedure based on the empirical likelihood for the changes in MRL functions with right censored data. Two real examples are also given: Veterans' administration lung cancer study and Stanford heart transplant to illustrate the detecting procedure. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A win ratio approach to comparing continuous non‐normal outcomes in clinical trials

Clinical trials are often designed to compare continuous non‐normal outcomes. The conventional statistical method for such a comparison is a non‐parametric Mann–Whitney test, which provides a P‐value for testing the hypothesis that the distributions of both treatment groups are identical, but does not provide a simple and straightforward estimate of treatment effect. For that, Hodges and Lehmann proposed estimating the shift parameter between two populations and its confidence interval (CI). However, such a shift parameter does not have a straightforward interpretation, and its CI contains zero in some cases when Mann–Whitney test produces a significant result. To overcome the aforementioned problems, we introduce the use of the win ratio for analysing such data. Patients in the new and control treatment are formed into all possible pairs. For each pair, the new treatment patient is labelled a ‘winner’ or a ‘loser’ if it is known who had the more favourable outcome. The win ratio is the total number of winners divided by the total numbers of losers. A 95% CI for the win ratio can be obtained using the bootstrap method. Statistical properties of the win ratio statistic are investigated using two real trial data sets and six simulation studies. Results show that the win ratio method has about the same power as the Mann–Whitney method. We recommend the use of the win ratio method for estimating the treatment effect (and CI) and the Mann–Whitney method for calculating the P‐value for comparing continuous non‐Normal outcomes when the amount of tied pairs is small. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A visualization method measuring the performance of biomarkers for guiding treatment decisions

Biomarkers that predict efficacy and safety for a given drug therapy become increasingly important for treatment strategy and drug evaluation in personalized medicine. Methodology for appropriately identifying and validating such biomarkers is critically needed, although it is very challenging to develop, especially in trials of terminal diseases with survival endpoints. The marker‐by‐treatment predictiveness curve serves this need by visualizing the treatment effect on survival as a function of biomarker for each treatment. In this article, we propose the weighted predictiveness curve (WPC). Based on the nature of the data, it generates predictiveness curves by utilizing either parametric or nonparametric approaches. Especially for nonparametric predictiveness curves, by incorporating local assessment techniques, it requires minimum model assumptions and provides great flexibility to visualize the marker‐by‐treatment relationship. WPC can be used to compare biomarkers and identify the one with the highest potential impact. Equally important, by simultaneously viewing several treatment‐specific predictiveness curves across the biomarker range, WPC can also guide the biomarker‐based treatment regimens. Simulations representing various scenarios are employed to evaluate the performance of WPC. Application on a well‐known liver cirrhosis trial sheds new light on the data and leads to discovery of novel patterns of treatment biomarker interactions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Group sequential monitoring based on the weighted log‐rank test statistic with the Fleming–Harrington class of weights in cancer vaccine studies

In recent years, immunological science has evolved, and cancer vaccines are now approved and available for treating existing cancers. Because cancer vaccines require time to elicit an immune response, a delayed treatment effect is expected and is actually observed in drug approval studies. Accordingly, we propose the evaluation of survival endpoints by weighted log‐rank tests with the Fleming–Harrington class of weights. We consider group sequential monitoring, which allows early efficacy stopping, and determine a semiparametric information fraction for the Fleming–Harrington family of weights, which is necessary for the error spending function. Moreover, we give a flexible survival model in cancer vaccine studies that considers not only the delayed treatment effect but also the long‐term survivors. In a Monte Carlo simulation study, we illustrate that when the primary analysis is a weighted log‐rank test emphasizing the late differences, the proposed information fraction can be a useful alternative to the surrogate information fraction, which is proportional to the number of events. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大型音乐舞蹈史诗《中国革命之歌》的艺术处理

大型音乐舞蹈史诗《中国革命之歌》在进行创作时既要确保艺术创作真实反映历史事实,又要防止与《东方红》重复,需要创作人员精心设计框架,选择材料进行加工改编,具有一定的难度。创作者和表演者通过艺术框架的搭建、艺术素材的加工、艺术演出的处理,使大型音乐舞蹈史诗《中国革命之歌》既具有政治内容又具有极高的艺术美。     

农民工制度化维权意愿的多维度分析

基于对武汉市农民工的调查数据,考察了农民工制度化维权意愿的基本状况,并从社会网络、政治信任和企业制度三个维度分析了其影响因素。研究发现：农民工具有较强的制度化维权意愿。其中,老乡会、政制信任度和企业的侵权状况对农民工的制度化维权意愿有显著影响,而工会、对政府的信任度和企业的社会保障水平等变量影响不显著。个体特征方面,受教育程度、婚姻状况、政治面貌和在岗职位成为影响农民工制度化维权意愿的重要因素。     

表面摩擦驱动收卷的玻纤布卷驱动力特征

与传统股权相比,扶贫股在出资、股权类型、权利内容、收益分配、退出机制、风险防范等方面形成了许多创新做法,但存在制度回应弱、效益吸引力不够、相关利益协调不足、长效的收益分享机制缺失、平台治理参与局限等深层次问题。据此,应立足中国实践,在集体股的框架内,明确扶贫股的法律属性,以集体股制度创新为路径,从制度层面规范扶贫股。     

提高效率、维护公平:产权四模式对深化我国集体林权改革的启示

回顾我国集体林权改革的主要进展,介绍产权四模式的主要观点,提出深化集体林权改革的思考和建议。研究发现,林权改革没有统一的格式,产权四模式总结了发展中国家林权改革的一些规律,可以为我国集体林改所借鉴;与其他模式相比,财产权模式对我国集体林改影响最大,明晰产权、提高效率一直是集体林改的目标;农业结构模式明确提出的市场机制可能带来产权不安全的问题需要引起重视;制度模式主张政府发挥产权改革的主导作用、制定法律法规巩固产权的主张对深化林权改革有重要借鉴意义;共有产权模式提出的保留共有森林资源为贫困人口提供"一席之地"的主张,为减贫和乡村振兴提供思路。在结束明晰产权主体改革任务之后,应将工作重点转向制定相关法律法规巩固产权改革成果、维护农户林权利益;在推动林地规模化经营中,要谨慎推进森林资源金融化,防止出现"代价高昂的不平等";充分认识集体林权改革的复杂性、艰巨性和长期性,将林改工作从工程式运作逐渐转向常规监管,加强林权管理。     

对知识产权国际保护的反思——从公共健康角度

当前,知识产权保护的国际化,实际上就是发达国家知识产权制度的国际化.在全球不同背景下强制性地运用单一制度必然会出现不和谐的声音,全球性的公共健康危机凸显了这种冲突,引发舆论对知识产权国际保护合理性的探讨.知识产权与健康权都是社会承认的基本人权,其中任何一种在特定的背景中都有自身的价值,但并非所有的人权都是并列的.当全球有数以万计的人正在遭受公共健康威胁时,孰重孰轻的问题就不言而喻了,应当使公共健康与知识产权国际保护已经失衡的天平回归平衡.