预氧化对多孔碳化硅陶瓷抗氧化及抗热震性的影响

考察了多孔碳化硅陶瓷的抗氧化性及抗热震性,探讨了不同制造工艺对多孔碳化硅陶瓷抗氧化性及抗热震性的影响。研究了SiC陶瓷在热处理过程中SiC颗粒表面氧化形成的SiO_2在不同热处理温度的状态变化及其对试样抗热震性的影响。     

Packing of Unequal Spheres and Automated Radiosurgical Treatment Planning

We study an optimization problem of packing unequal spheres into a three-dimensional (3D) bounded region in connection with radiosurgical treatment planning. Given an input (R, V, S, L), where R is a 3D bounded region, V a positive integer, S a multiset of spheres, and L a location constraint on spheres, we want to find a packing of R using the minimum number of spheres in S such that the covered volume is at least V; the location constraint L is satisfied; and the number of points on the boundary of R that are touched by spheres is maximized. Such a packing arrangement corresponds to an optimal radiosurgical treatment planning. Finding an optimal solution to the problem, however, is computationally intractable. In particular, we show that this optimization problem and several related problems are NP-hard. Hence, some form of approximations is needed. One approach is to consider a simplified problem under the assumption that spheres of arbitrary (integral) diameters are available with unlimited supply, and there are no location constraints. This approach has met with certain success in medical applications using a dynamic programming algorithm (Bourland and Wu, 1996; Wu, 1996). We propose in this paper an improvement to the algorithm that can greatly reduce its computation cost.     

Reliability Analysis for Hazardous Waste Treatment Processes

The reliability of a treatment process is addressed in terms of achieving a regulatory effluent concentration standard and the design safety factors associated with the treatment process. This methodology was then applied to two aqueous hazardous waste treatment processes: packed tower aeration and activated sludge (aerobic) biological treatment. The designs achieving 95 percent reliability were compared with those designs based on conventional practice to determine their patterns of conservatism. Scoping-level treatment costs were also related to reliability levels for these treatment processes. The results indicate that the reliability levels for the physical/chemical treatment process (packed tower aeration) based on the deterministic safety factors range from 80 percent to over 99 percent, whereas those for the biological treatment process range from near 0 percent to over 99 percent, depending on the compound evaluated. Increases in reliability per unit increase in treatment costs are most pronounced at lower reliability levels (less than about 80 percent) than at the higher reliability levels (greater than 90 percent, indicating a point of diminishing returns. Additional research focused on process parameters that presently contain large uncertainties may reduce those uncertainties, with attending increases in the reliability levels of the treatment processes.     

女权主义视角下的权利追问

权利不仅仅是一种概念,更是一种具有社会文化属性的观念;权利与一般的公平、正义不同,其更注重主体的主张或要求;权利应该是平等的,不仅是形式的平等,更应该是实质的平等。女性权利是人权问题在权利设置中的反映。     

合村并居与农村土地产权制度的价值选择

合村并居涉及集体土地的征用、土地整理、建设用地增减挂钩、农村集体经营性资产管理及农地承包经营等各项重要法律制度,是中国农村以土地资源为核心的集体财产权制度的重大变革。打破传统法经济学效率唯一论,运用效率与公平两大价值目标对该制度变迁进行分析的结果表明,在合村并居的不同发展阶段,必须为集体所有权制度作出正确的价值选择即寻找效率与公平的最佳结合点,才能达到预期目的。城中村、城边村的改造必须强调土地征用的合理补偿,建立城乡统一的建设用地市场;强村、大企业主导的村庄兼并必须坚持市场主导和政府干预相结合,使各方集体资产得到平等对待;城乡建设用地增减挂钩背景下的村庄联合须以最小的公平损失换取最大的效率为原则,提高社区集体资产整体运作效率优先,兼顾社区公共资源的均等分配。     

从价值角度完善我国行政听证制度

自从1996年《行政处罚法》第一次引入听证制度以来,行政听证制度在我国的适用范围正在逐渐扩大,行政听证制度顺应了我国新时期构建社会主义民主与法治社会的大趋势,同时,为行政相对人提供了一条保障自身合法权利的路径。但是,现阶段我国行政听证制度的运行状况并不十分理想,有必要对其加以完善和补充。     

构建公益诉讼的知情权救济模式

知情权在中国是一个备受尊重而又模糊不清的概念,其立法严重缺失,法律救济步履维艰。本文从法律制度层面分析知情权救济缺失的深层原因,并借鉴国外公益诉讼理论,提出如何在中国构建公益诉讼的知情权救济制度。     

政府信息公开的立法环境分析——以《政府信息公开条例》的制定为例

对于立法背景的追寻有助于我们更好地理解、认识立法目的和法律条文,也有助于该立法将来辅助、配套法律法规的制定及施行。拟将对《政府信息公开条例》制定之际的立法环境进行剖析,从国家推进信息化建设、完善信息化立法、推进阳光政府、透明政府的建设等背景分析《政府信息公开条例》的立法环境,从而能更好地认识《政府信息公开条例》制定和执行中存在的问题,以期对政府信息公开进一步的立法有所裨益。     

试论美国法之社会立法的平等权审查标准

传统上美国法院对于社会立法内容违反平等权的问题都采取审慎的态度,一般尊重立法者的判断,避免做实质性介入。但随着社会民众福利权意识的不断提高,美国法院逐步强化了社会立法内容的合理性审查标准,检验立法目的与手段之间的合理关联性,强调差别待遇的坚实理由,限制立法的自由裁量,从而实现社会立法的平等保护。     

论刑事司法沉默权

沉默权是刑事诉讼中被追诉人的一项重要权利,被追诉人可以对追诉人的讯问保持沉默而不被强迫自证其罪,西方大多数国家在刑事诉讼中采取了沉默权制度。我国应借鉴国外的经验,加强立法确立沉默权制度,以完善我国刑事司法制度。