论陶渊明诗鸟意象的艺术特色

诗的意象带有强烈的个性特点,最能体现诗人的风格.在现存的122首陶诗中,写到鸟的多达38首,可见鸟是陶渊明诗中一个非常重要的意象.陶诗中的鸟意象,继承了传统诗歌的比兴手法,同时也形成了自己鲜明的艺术特色:陶诗中的鸟意象生成独具个性;分发挥了传情达意的媒介作用;到了物我浑融的境界;言表现冲淡自然.     

汉魏赋中的鸟意象

~~汉魏赋中的鸟意象@侯立兵$湖南文理学院中文系!湖南常德415000~~~~~~     

华兹华斯诗歌中“鸟”意象的指向性

意象作为情感的符号,情感的荷载物,成为浪漫主义诗人表达情感的重要手段。浪漫主义意象根据来源和功用可分为直接对应型、抽象综合型和主观表意型。华兹华斯诗歌中的意象以直接对应型为主,其中鸟的意象及其所传达的内涵是一个很好的例证。华兹华斯诗歌中鸟的意象不但没有起到延伸和强化情感的作用,反而使情感更加理性和内省。这不但表明了华兹华斯独特的自然观和创作观,也体现出华兹华斯与其他浪漫主义诗人的区别。     

A Heuristic Risk Assessment Technique for Birdstrike Management at Airports

Collisions between birds and aircraft (birdstrikes) have caused the loss of at least 88 aircraft and 243 lives in world civil aviation. Conservative estimates suggest that more routine damage and delays following birdstrikes cost the industry and its insurers US$1.2-1.5 billion per year. The majority of strikes happen close to airports and most countries have regulations that require airport managers to control the birdstrike risk on their property. Birdstrike prevention has, however, lagged behind other aspects of flight safety in the development and implementation of risk assessment protocols, possibly because of the inherent difficulty in quantifying the variability in the populations and behavior of the various bird species involved. This article presents a technique that uses both national and airport-specific data to evaluate risk by creating a simple probability-times-severity matrix. It uses the frequency of strikes reported for different bird species at a given airport over the preceding five years as a measure of strike probability, and the proportion of strikes with each species that result in damage to aircraft, in the national birdstrike database, as a measure of likely severity. Action thresholds for risk levels for particular bird species are then defined, above which the airport should take action to reduce the risk further. The assessment is designed for airports where the reporting and collation of birdstrike events is reasonably consistent over time and where a bird hazard management program of some sort is already in place. This risk assessment is designed to measure risk to the airport as a business rather than risk to the traveling passenger individually. It therefore takes no account of aircraft movement rate in the calculations and is aimed at minimizing the number of damaging incidents rather than concentrating on catastrophic events. Once set up at an airport, the technique is simple to implement for nonexperts, and it allows managers to focus bird control resources on the species causing the greatest risk, hence maximizing the return on investment. This protocol is now being successfully used at major airports in the United Kingdom and elsewhere in the world.     

朝阳地区鸟类化石的发现与研究

鸟类是从恐龙演化而来,还是从恐龙的先祖那里演化而来,是过去40年来在古脊椎动物领域最有争议的问题。以中华龙鸟为代表的一大批珍稀动物化石在朝阳地区相继发现,引发了许多有关鸟类起源和早期演化的研究课题。描述了发现于朝阳地区具有代表性的鸟类化石,并阐述了鸟类化石发现的意义及由此引发的学术观点。     

景颇族文化中鸟的形象及其内涵

鸟是景颇族心目中仅次于太阳神的图腾崇拜物。在景颇族的文学、舞蹈、雕刻、绘画等民间艺术样式中,都活跃着着鸟的形象。鸟崇拜至今在景颇族社会存在许多遗迹。     

凤薮丽羽:海外珍禽"倒挂鸟"考

当宋、元、明代,缘士人的题咏,令被称之为"桐花凤"和"绿毛么凤"、"罗浮凤"、"倒挂子"的美艳小禽十分脍炙人口.前者乃雀形目花蜜鸟科的"绿喉太阳鸟",而后数者缘其"倒挂"的生态特征,则为分类上属于雀形目极乐鸟科,栖息地为今分隶于印度尼西亚、巴布亚新几内亚两国的伊里安岛及其附近区域的"蓝极乐鸟"、"红极乐鸟".至于中国从"下港"、"浡泥"等国的"贡献"中得到它们,标明中世纪的东南亚存在着一定规模的"珍禽市场".     

“太阳三足乌”新释

“太阳三足乌”图案是古代东夷内部两大集团——日部族和鸟部族——图腾徽志的合一,是东夷内部通过战争与婚姻整合的社会事实投入到神话传说中的结果。此外,本文一反释“日”为象形文字的说法,提出了“日”为会意字说,并对作为性秽语“日”字的文化内涵进行了分析。     

突发公共卫生事件中实施药品专利强制许可的思考

人感染高致病性禽流感疫情在世界多个国家的传播,不仅对社会大众健康产生了威胁,而且更加凸显药品专利保护与公众健康需要之间的矛盾,药品专利强制许可无疑是解决这个矛盾的一条途径。文章对药品专利强制许可的背景、理论进行了分析,指出了目前实施这一许可的障碍,并提出了相应的对策。