The Peasant World in the Discourse of Generational Sorrow

This article spells out the methodological considerations and various procedural and methodological subtleties developed over the author's quarter century of sociological field studies of Russia's peasant worlds. Particular attention is paid to “voices from below”—peasant discursive formats that capture, in natural and undiluted form, the evolution of peasant practices constituting the core of everyday life. In particular, the phenomenon of generational sorrow and a special chronological nostalgia that functions as a “social gyroscope” is identified and discursively captured. This phenomenon is noteworthy and useful for its ability to retain a record of the productively longed for past in a rural community's collective memory and thereby influence new peasant worlds taking shape today.     

Two new estimators for the proportion of true null hypotheses in multiple test

In multiple hypothesis test, an important problem is estimating the proportion of true null hypotheses. Existing methods are mainly based on the p-values of the single tests. In this paper, we propose two new estimations for this proportion. One is a natural extension of the commonly used methods based on p-values and the other is based on a mixed distribution. Simulations show that the first method is comparable with existing methods and performs better under some cases. And the method based on a mixed distribution can get accurate estimators even if the variance of data is large or the difference between the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis is very small.     

The effects of information form and domain-specific knowledge on choice deferral

Three studies examined the effect of information form on choice deferral in consumer choice and explored the moderating role of knowledge about the product domain. Two theoretical approaches were contrasted: (1) The process approach predicting that choice deferral varies as a function of information form, and (2) the communication approach predicting an interaction of information form and domain-specific knowledge. Participants were presented with different laptops described in an absolute (e.g. ‘300 GB hard disc’), evaluative-numerical (e.g. ‘hard disc with 30 out of 100 points in an expert rating’) or evaluative-verbal (e.g. ‘bad hard disc’) information form, and they could choose to buy one of the laptops or defer. Domain-specific knowledge was also assessed. In Study 1, evaluative-numerical and evaluative-verbal values led to more deferral in people with high domain-specific knowledge. The pattern for evaluative-numerical and evaluative-verbal values was replicated for a different information organization in Study 2. Study 3 showed that absolute values led to more deferral the less knowledgeable participants were and demonstrated that domain-specific knowledge and deferral were unrelated when absolute and evaluative-verbal values were presented in combination. In sum, the results support the communication approach and have methodological implications for decision research and theoretical implications for understanding choice deferral in real-life decisions.     

合同法定形式效力比较及我国立法的完善

《合同法》在合同形式方面做出了许多与市场经济相适应的新规定 ,但由于对法定形式的法律性质和效力缺乏明确规定 ,引起法学理论和审判实践上的诸多不同理解和做法。借鉴国外的有关规定 ,补充规定“缺少法定书面形式的合同无效” ,修改第三十六条的“合同成立”为“合同有效” ,删除第四十四条关于批准、登记生效的规定 ,使我国合同形式的法律趋于完善成为必要。     

Parental advice to preadolescent bystanders about how to intervene during bullying differs by form of bullying

The current study examined parental advice given to fourth‐ and fifth‐grade preadolescents who imagined being bystanders to different forms of bullying (physical, verbal, property attack, social manipulation, exclusion). We assessed the frequency with which parents advised youth to follow specific intervention strategies (stop the bully, help/comfort the victim, tell adults), and we tested whether the frequency by which parents provided each kind of advice varied by the form of bullying described. One hundred and six fourth‐ and fifth‐grade preadolescents completed an interaction in which their parent gave them advice about how to respond if they were bystanders to five hypothetical bullying situations. Each situation described a different form of bullying. Across forms of bullying, parents most frequently told bystander children to intervene by telling an adult. However, advice differed based on the form of bullying presented. Parents most frequently advised children to “tell an adult” in response to physical bullying or property attacks, most frequently advised children to “help/comfort victims” in response to social exclusion and physical attacks, and most frequently advised children to “stop the bully” in response to verbal and social manipulation bullying.     

从宗教学看壮族布洛陀信仰

壮族布洛陀信仰属于原生型巫教,可称为原生型民族民间宗教,它与壮族的生存与发展紧密联系在一起,是壮族特有的文化传统。布洛陀信仰的活动在社会批判运动连续不断的年代,曾一度销声匿迹。改革开放以来,由于宗教理论的改进和宗教政策的宽松,由于社会对民族文化(包括宗教文化)的重视和对民间信仰的关注,由于布洛陀信仰研究的开展,壮族地区布洛陀信仰开始了它的重建的过程。以广西田阳敢壮山为中心,壮族民众自发地恢复布洛陀祭祀和相应的文化活动,规模越来越大,并得到学者的理论支持和政府的理解。这种民族信仰重构现象,表现了壮族民族文化主体意识的增强和布洛陀信仰的旺盛生命力及其对新的时代的调适能力,如引导得当,会丰富中华民族多元一体的文化内涵,推动两个文明建设,充实壮族人民的文化生活。     

"三界"宇宙观与社会空间的建构——广西那坡县黑衣壮族群空间观念的研究

本文根据文化人类学社会空间建构理论对黑衣壮族群的空间观念加以分析,以民族志资料说明黑衣壮族群的宇宙观为社会成员对空间的划分和赋予意义的行为提供了认知基础,黑衣壮人通过房屋建筑的象征意义、空间方位的确定、生活空间和仪式场所的安排等途径表达出其族群文化中对空间概念的哲理思考。面对急剧的社会经济变迁,黑衣壮人传统的空间观念也在产生变化,体现出黑衣壮人对自身生存状态和文化变迁过程的反思。     

战略联盟的范围、治理与稳定性间关系的实证研究

本文从联盟伙伴间的关系视角出发,分析了战略联盟的合作范围和治理类型对伙伴间关系稳定性的影响.由于稳定性是一个抽象且难以用显性指标直接测量的变量,本文把它构建为一个二阶因子结构,并用企业间信任、相互依赖和冲突解决这三个一阶因子来度量它.在此基础上,通过问卷调查获得127家德国联盟企业的数据,并对提出的假说进行了检验,分析结果表明合资企业比非股权契约联盟更有可能享有稳定的伙伴间合作关系,而联盟的范围即联盟协议中所包含的合作活动的多少对联盟稳定性没有显著的影响.     

基于投资溢出的研发联盟成员投资策略研究

降低投机风险,提高联盟成员的资源投入量,是决定研发联盟能否成功的关键因素之一。论文研究了存在投资溢出时,并行研发联盟和集中研发联盟中联盟成员在平均分配和按投入比例分配收益方式下的投资策略,并分析了投资溢出、联盟结构和利益分配方式对联盟成员投资策略的影响。研究表明,投资溢出能降低投机风险,提高联盟成员资源投入量;市场收益较小时,集中研发联盟优于并行研发联盟,按投入比例分配优于平分收益;市场收益较大时,联盟结构和利益分配方式对联盟成员投资策略无影响,联盟应采取平分收益这种简单分配方式,以促进合作研发的成功。     

Wavelet‐Based Testing for Serial Correlation of Unknown Form in Panel Models

Wavelet analysis is a new mathematical method developed as a unified field of science over the last decade or so. As a spatially adaptive analytic tool, wavelets are useful for capturing serial correlation where the spectrum has peaks or kinks, as can arise from persistent dependence, seasonality, and other kinds of periodicity. This paper proposes a new class of generally applicable wavelet‐based tests for serial correlation of unknown form in the estimated residuals of a panel regression model, where error components can be one‐way or two‐way, individual and time effects can be fixed or random, and regressors may contain lagged dependent variables or deterministic/stochastic trending variables. Our tests are applicable to unbalanced heterogenous panel data. They have a convenient null limit N(0,1) distribution. No formulation of an alternative model is required, and our tests are consistent against serial correlation of unknown form even in the presence of substantial inhomogeneity in serial correlation across individuals. This is in contrast to existing serial correlation tests for panel models, which ignore inhomogeneity in serial correlation across individuals by assuming a common alternative, and thus have no power against the alternatives where the average of serial correlations among individuals is close to zero. We propose and justify a data‐driven method to choose the smoothing parameter—the finest scale in wavelet spectral estimation, making the tests completely operational in practice. The data‐driven finest scale automatically converges to zero under the null hypothesis of no serial correlation and diverges to infinity as the sample size increases under the alternative, ensuring the consistency of our tests. Simulation shows that our tests perform well in small and finite samples relative to some existing tests.