核威慑的四大风险及其应对

风险社会中的核威慑自身具有很大的不确定性,容易引发技术风险、信任风险、政治风险和道德风险。对立的主客思维方式、失序的国际规范、内在的逻辑矛盾以及缺失的道德责任导致了核威慑风险的产生与升级,而其中的道德责任是根本性的影响因子。面对日趋严峻的核安全形势,各国应该培植政治智慧与道德理性,强化共生意识和本体性安全,构建平等、正义的核安全合作机制,积极打造安全共同体,让参与者共享安全与和平。拥核国应该承担更大的道德责任,切实维护核不扩散体制,努力铲除核恐怖主义,稳步推进世界无核化进程。     

论我国社会资本的重建

中华文化源远流长 ,社会资本积累深厚 ,为我国社会发展提供了原动力。但随着市场经济的深入 ,信任规则失范、职业道德沦丧等问题日益突出 ,不断侵蚀着信任、合作等社会资本的根基 ,不能不引起全社会的关注和忧虑。社会资本亟需重建 ,它的重建应从存量和增量两方面入手 :一方面对存量社会资本进行扬弃 ,剔其糟粕 ,吸其精华 ;另一方面 ,开发和吸收现代意义的社会资本 ,增加开放性的、大范围的社会资本。当然 ,社会资本重建需要良好的制度环境作其支撑 ,缺乏制度化支持的社会资本是脆弱的。     

保险金信托:我国保险业同信托业之间的"鹊桥"

保险资金在当前<保险法>的框架内如笼中困兽,正在试图寻找更多的投资渠道;治理整顿不久后的中国信托业跃跃欲试,也希望在资本市场一显身手,但是<保险法>对于保险资金投资渠道的约束,以及银监会对于信托投资公司最高"200份"信托协议的限制,使得保险业与信托业成为了资本市场中的"牛郎"与"织女",为了解决保险资金通过信托方式进行运作的实际需求,结合"保险"与"信托"的保险信托便在我国资本市场上应运而生.     

董事受信义务之独立性研究

董事与公司之间的关系产生于信托法上的信托受托人与信托委托人之间的关系,但是这种关系一直困扰者包括英美公司法的理论和实践。董事的受信义务是否等同于信托受托人的信托义务？本人认为,董事的受信义务虽然类推自信托义务,但是已经与信托义务产生了巨大的差别。无论从公司和信托这两种制度的本质区别上,还是董事和信托受托人的注意义务和忠实义务的内涵和标准上,都可以发现二者之间根本的区别,这也表明了董事受信义务是独立于信托义务的一种新的受信义务。在论及董事的法律地位时,文章分析了代理说、信托说和委任说的致命缺陷,得出董事的法律地位仍然是受信地位的这一符合逻辑的结论,澄清了理论界的一些误解。     

风险感知、制度信任与农户宅基地退出行为

农户宅基地退出行为受内在风险感知和外部制度环境的双重影响。基于四川泸县和宁夏平罗803户农户的调研数据,实证研究了风险感知、制度信任对农户宅基地退出行为的影响,并进一步考察制度信任在风险感知影响农户宅基地退出行为中的调节作用。结果表明:风险感知抑制农户宅基地退出行为,且存在区位异质性;制度信任(行政理念信任和行政行为信任)促进农户宅基地退出行为,且能减轻风险感知对农户宅基地退出行为的负面影响,从边际效应看,行政行为信任的缓解作用强于行政理念信任。由此,提出审视宅基地区位级差效应,建立差别化的宅地基退出权益保障机制和风险防范机制,注重服务型政府的建设,通过改善个体对政府行政的情感态度以提高人们的制度信任水平等建议。     

传统东亚体系与中美新型大国关系

东亚体系是“天下共同体”,倡导和谐共处,“以不治治之”,共生共荣.在经济全球化、全球信息化时代,中美和则两利,斗则两害,美国要摒弃冷战思维,与时俱进,在建设新型大国关系上,相互同处于平等的主导地位,要相向而行,以发展化解矛盾.双方在合作中发展利益,在利益发展中加深诚信,再反作用于合作的深化,把利益与诚信辩证统一起来化为中美新型大国关系,脚踏实地地走向未来.     

中原人口逃入匈奴及其受到信任使用

匈奴社会的管理比中原地区宽松,无以为生的中原贫民、留没匈奴之中原将士的亲属以及边民、奴婢等甘愿冒极大风险逃亡出塞,为的是去谋求生存.虽有障塞哨卡甚至腰斩酷刑却仍禁而不止.至西汉末年,汉廷所设四条恰从反面证明,时从中原北入匈奴谋求生存者已形成潮流.留居匈奴地区的中原人有一部分自愿参加了匈奴军队对汉军作战,还有中原人把穿井筑城治楼藏谷技术,以及计课人众畜物的疏记方法等带到匈奴地区.张骞、苏武、李陵等留居匈奴期间都曾娶胡妇建立家庭.李广利之死与殉葬无关.匈奴地区的中原人有人身自由.     

Explicating trust and its relation to dialogue at a time of divided societies

Values, beliefs, opinions and attitudes on issues (such as religion, LGBTQ, immigration, etc.), and the proliferation of social media platforms have made society not only more diverse but also more divided. Competing and conflicting views and attitudes result in more schisms and disengagement. In addition, conflicts and disagreements on various issues also have resulted in a lack of trust and a reluctance of organizations and publics to engage in meaningful communication. As a result, developing trusting relationships by facilitating dialogues is significant. Trust has been an important construct in past research on organization-public relationships. However, the concept of trust has rarely been discussed in-depth in public relations literature. This special section of Public Relations Review, entitled Enhancing Dialogue and Trust in Diverse Societies, examines whether the current definitions of trust and its dimensions in the public relations literature are adequate in an organization-public dialogic communication setting.     

The belonging model of trust

Although we know that high‐quality employee–organization relationships are beneficial, these relationships are complex and not fully understood, especially among employees of nonprofit organizations. In particular, we know little about how these employees perceive trust, which may overlook an important contributor to effective management. We begin to address this issue by testing a new theoretical model that conceptualizes perceived insider status, psychological ownership, and organizational identification as foundations for the perception of justice and subsequent trust. Our results indicate that psychological ownership and perceived insider status relate to trust through procedural and interpersonal justice. These results contrast those typically found in for‐profit contexts in that organizational identification did not predict justice and that distributive and informational justice did not predict trust.     

Sources of socialization for interpersonal trust: an exploration of low-income Black adolescents’ experiences

Much of the literature on interpersonal trust is quantitative in nature, using scales developed primarily with White middle-class and upper-class adults. To understand how another racial group of a different socioeconomic background and age views interpersonal trust, we considered the experiences of 22 low-income Black adolescents. The adolescents participated in a relationship education program and were interviewed about their interpersonal trust experiences. Results of a qualitative data analysis revealed that most adolescents defined interpersonal trust based on honesty and fidelity, with a particular emphasis on monogamy in romantic relationships. Adolescents identified direct messages from family members and personal relationship experiences as sources of socialization for interpersonal trust. Although some adolescents reported that the relationship education program enhanced their understanding of and willingness to trust, others maintained that trust can only be learned through personal experiences. Though the adolescents generally trusted family members, they experienced challenges trusting friends and romantic partners. Despite this, adolescents considered interpersonal trust a vital and a necessary part of romantic relationships. We discuss implications of the findings for relationship stability and satisfaction.