花粉管通道转导外源野生稻DNA进入栽培稻的方法研究

本文报道了在实验室(空调培养)、温室及田间等不同条件下,利用花粉管通道转导外源野生稻 DNA 进入栽培稻,并将 D_0代外源 DNA 重组体幼胚进行培养,威功地获得了一批外源野生稻 DNA 重组体植株的实验方法。结果表明,用花粉管通道转导外源 DNA 的整体系统是简单易行的方法。花粉管通道转导外源野生稻DNA 与 D_0代重组体幼胚离体培养相结合的技术是在分子水平上改良稻种资源和进行水稻分子育种的有效途径。     

Risk/Benefit Assessments of Human Diseases: Optimum Dose for Intervention

A simple procedure is proposed in order to quantify the tradeoff between a loss suffered from an illness due to exposure to a microbial pathogen and a loss due to a toxic effect, perhaps a different illness, induced by a disinfectant employed to reduce the microbial exposure. Estimates of these two types of risk as a function of disinfectant dose and their associated relative losses provide information for the estimation of the optimum dose of disinfectant that minimizes the total expected loss. The estimates of the optimum dose and expected relative total loss were similar regardless of whether the beta-Poisson, log-logistic, or extreme value function was used to model the risk of illness due to exposure to a microbial pathogen. This is because the optimum dose of the disinfectant and resultant expected minimum loss depend upon the estimated slope (first derivative) of the models at low levels of risk, which appear to be similar for these three models at low levels of risk. Similarly, the choice among these three models does not appear critical for estimating the slope at low levels of risk for the toxic effect induced by the use of a disinfectant. For the proposed procedure to estimate the optimum disinfectant dose, it is not necessary to have absolute values for the losses due to microbial-induced or disinfectant-induced illness, but only relative losses are required. All aspects of the problem are amenable to sensitivity analyses. The issue of risk/benefit tradeoffs, more appropriately called risk/risk tradeoffs, does not appear to be an insurmountable problem.     

论“崇拜意识”在我国近代化过程中的副作用

"崇拜意识"在我国近代化过程中产生了很大的副作用,在政治上具体表现为对皇权的崇拜,在思想领域具体表现为对儒家学说的崇拜,文章试从这两方面阐述"崇拜意识"在我国近代化过程中产生的副作用.     

供给侧结构性改革国际经验的借鉴与反思

当需求侧经济管理政策激发我国经济增长潜力的效力已成强弩之末时,适度调整经济结构改革方向转而推动供给侧结构性改革,以实现长期经济发展和社会福利水平提高,是我国顺应经济周期发展规律的应时之举。通过对德国、英国、美国三个典型国家不同时期供给侧结构性改革措施和经验的介绍,从最优税率区间、减税与政府预算赤字、供给侧改革的收入分配效应以及改革对失业率、劳动参与率的影响等方面进行反思和探讨,以期对制定和实施我国供给侧结构性改革的方案措施有所启发和借鉴。     

供给侧改革视域下黑龙江省传统能源产业绿色发展影响因素分析

随着“十三五”计划的推进,我国经济进入到新一轮的发展时期,传统能源产业的绿色发展越来越被国家重视,绿色可持续理念深入人心。然而,在传统能源产业绿色发展过程中面临着诸多困难。以黑龙江省为例,调研传统能源产业发展现状,分析传统能源产业绿色发展的影响因素,采用层次分析法确定各影响因素权重,据此指出目前传统能源产业绿色发展过程中存在传统能源供给不平衡、传统能源产业绿色发展技术落后、传统能源污染排放量大、相关法律法规不完善等问题,结合国内外传统能源产业绿色发展情况,从政府、企业、高校、科研机构角度提出促进传统能源产业绿色发展的相应对策。     

中国农产品出口的本地市场效应研究——兼论需求导向的农业供给侧改革

采用2006-2015年中国与排名前20的农产品贸易伙伴基于SITCRev3.0分类标准下的三位数农产品贸易数据,将国内需求规模和需求结构共同纳入引力模型,对农产品出口的本地市场效应进行实证检验。研究发现：总体来看,农产品出口出现了逆本地市场效应,而且缺乏资源禀赋优势;从分类农产品来看,蔬菜和水果、林纸产品、非食用畜产品、水产品出口存在需求规模上的本地市场效应,大宗农产品出口则存在需求规模上的逆本地市场效应,烟草及烟草制品出口存在需求结构上的本地市场效应,蔬菜和水果、林纸产品、非食用畜产品出口则出现了需求结构上的逆本地市场效应,饮品类和食用畜产品出口不存在本地市场效应。其政策含义是：应深入推进以市场需求为导向的农业供给侧结构性改革。     

农业供给侧结构性改革：理论逻辑和决策思路

农业供给侧改革是农业生产力与生产关系的重大变革,不仅仅是结构性改革,同时也是功能性改革和组织性改革。从宏观经济分析框架入手,阐述农业“需求侧”与“供给侧”的相互关系,以科斯参照系替代新古典的阿罗-德布罗参照系,初步提出现代农业生产-供给体系理论;重新认识现代农业,尝试性地提出现代农业的“三维系统”理论,从学理上基本厘清了供给侧结构性改革的理论逻辑。研究认为,农业生产-供给系统是“生产要素+技术+组织形式+制度安排”的有机综合体。据此提出农业供给侧改革决策的一个核心是思维创新,两个关键是科技创新和制度创新。     

Structural constraints and excess capacity: an international comparison of manufacturing firms

Excess capacity results in real and opportunity costs as well as lower factor productivity. Conventionally, variation in capacity utilisation rates has been explained with reference to the business cycles and market imperfections. In this article, we show that these two factors do not always fully explain the causes of idle capacity. Our findings suggest that manufacturing firms in low‐income countries tend to have lower capacity utilisation (CU) rates than those in middle‐ and upper‐middle‐income groups. To explain this peculiarity, it is proposed in this article that the level of excess capacity partly depends on supply‐side conditions and institutional variables. The findings provide strong support for this view and suggest that there are gains to be made in the manufacturing industries of the lower‐income countries through improvements in the structural conditions.     

The shadows know me: Exploring the dark side of social media in the healthcare field

Nowadays, the increasing attention paid to the dark side of social media (SM) in the field of healthcare management has moved both researchers and practitioners to investigate the impact of Web 2.0 technologies with reference to SM, because of continuous distortion created by these SM platforms for patients and the real dark side they constitute, which affects both the patient sphere and its relative empowerment.Based on previous theoretical and managerial contributions, the paper aims to investigate both the bright and dark side of the effects of SM in the healthcare field, which affect improvements in patient empowerment. Notwithstanding, the exploratory study was developed through a common theoretical and conceptual framework to improve the understanding of emerging social and economic dynamics towards the paradigm provided by many studies on the dark side of Web 2.0.So far, established on previous contributions to the healthcare management domain, the exploratory study identifies a set of variables related to the conceptualisations of patient empowerment and the dark side of SM, with reference to cases of digital users both with and without chronic illnesses.Moving deeper, matching qualitative and quantitative approaches, the impact of the dark side of SM on patient empowerment was investigated using structural equation modelling through SPSS and R softwares, sampling about 650 individuals on the Italian population using computer-assisted web interviewing.Finally, results highlight considerable correlations between many dimensions explaining patient empowerment and the dark side of SM, showing a positive effect on the improvement in patient engagement, but potential critical risks and concerns due to a misinterpretation of online information highlighting the dark side of SM.     

试论后勤改革中甲、乙方的辩证关系

文章运用辩证唯物主义观点,分析了高校后勤社会化改革过程中甲、乙方之间既对立又统一的辩证关系,提出了在后勤改革逐步深化的过程中正确处理好甲、乙方关系的重要性和迫切性,并对进一步坚定后勤社会化改革方向,认真处理好甲、乙方关系等问题进行了探讨.