The RSA (Revenu de solidarité active) and back‐to‐work incentives in France

Using an inventory of local and/or non‐statutory transfers (droits connexes) in 13 French towns and cities, the article first measures the gains from returning to work for recipients of national, statutory means‐tested benefits (Revenu minimum d'insertion— RMI, and Allocation parent isolé— API) by type of household before 2009. The reforms of national, statutory benefits carried out during the 2000s, especially those affecting the working tax credit (Prime pour l'emploi— PPE), failed to ensure that the recipients of means‐tested benefits always stood to gain financially from returning to work. The effects of the reforms were offset by the effects of other measures. The article then simulates the effects of the introduction of the Revenu de solidarité active (RSA) in place of the RMI in 2009, and takes into account the way that local and/or non‐statutory transfers are modified by increases in national, statutory transfers. We observe that the RSA eliminates the financial disincentives to returning to work for almost all localities and types of household. The article shows that the marginal tax rate of 38 per cent chosen by the government is very close to the upper limit compatible with a back‐to‐work incentive.     

“走转改”新闻报道效应与社会价值

“走基层、转作风、改文风”活动开展以来，取得了显著的成效，获得了社会各界的好评。许多新闻单位开始总结这一活动的得失，探讨活动延续的长效机制。对这一活动，需要更高层次的理论总结，变“活动”为一种机制和理念。这一活动是对中国特色新闻学的探索。如果进一步总结和提升，可以对新闻实务界和学术界作出一定的贡献。     

苏联解体的历史虚无主义之因

苏联解体中历史虚无主义的表现形式是,否定包括十月革命在内的苏共历史、全盘否定斯大林、抹黑苏共创始人列宁；苏联解体中历史虚无主义的危害机制是,通过瓦解主流意识形态扰乱人们的思想、通过否定社会主义制度颠覆人们的价值追求、通过质疑共产主义信仰侵蚀人们的精神支柱；苏联解体中历史虚无主义的支持力量是,全盘否定斯大林的赫鲁晓夫、推行“新思维”的戈尔巴乔夫、西方“和平演变”的反动势力。     

探讨变力做功问题

由于变力变化的因素很多,所以变力做功问题是计算功的难点.为了从各种力变化的情况中寻求解决的思路,对于常见变力做功的问题,根据变力变化的因素进行了简单的分类,对每一类问题,又采用物理理论分析和举例计算相结合的方法进行了深一步的探讨,希望能够对此问题的理解和解决提供有益的参考.     

Turning Points to Becoming a Tobacco Smoker: Smoking Initiation and Identity Change among Chinese Youth

In this study, we analyzed identity construction among young smokers in China, with three interconnected objectives: to theorize the turning points and career trajectory of smoking initiation; to account for their characteristics with interactionist processes; and to critically evaluate the applicability of classic typologies of identity change by Becker and Strauss. In-depth interviews with 24 late adolescents (ages 18–19) revealed a smoking initiation career path of four interconnected turning points, each characterized by interactionist processes. Smoker peers played a key role in facilitating overall career progression, and shame avoidance was crucial to their social dynamics. We also conclude that classic studies of turning points in general, and substance use specifically, are sufficiently broad and flexible to elucidate tobacco smoker identity construction in China, and facilitate a comparison of commonality and divergence among different “becoming” identities. The implications of these findings for tobacco control in China are discussed.     

Americans and Iraq,twelve years apart: Comparing support for the US wars in Iraq

Significant differences exist in Americans’ support for force between the 1991 Persian Gulf War and 2003 Iraq War, even when holding all demographic variables constant. Nearly every group decreased their support from 1991 to 2003, including men and women, Whites and racial minorities, people with high school degrees or higher, nearly all age categories, and Democrat and Independent affiliated individuals. When examining potential causes for decreased support in the 2003 Iraq War, the “nature of the conflict” presents the strongest argument and evidence. The Persian Gulf War aimed to force the Iraqi army from Kuwait, while the Iraq War was aimed at changing the governmental regime of Iraq. The latter conflict was less socially acceptable than the former to Americans. These differences between the conflicts are the best explanation for the change in support, while other explanations, including the changing composition of the population and a less pro-military populace, are insufficient.     

哲学视阈下创新过程实现的内在动力要素探析

创新过程作为人的一种高级实践活动,是由系统要素和这些要素之间的关系所构成的。在一个动态的创新系统中,系统要素也是不断变化的,创新过程的内在动力其实就是创新过程中内在动力要素的关联集合。对其进行哲学思考,可以推动创新过程的实现。     

职业教育与农村新增劳动力培训问题

针对农业机械化程度提高,大量农村劳动力从土地劳动中解脱出来这一社会问题。提出如何将这部分劳动力转移的措施。国家提出了将其转向职业教育,由职业教育将其培养成为有文化、懂技术、会经营的新型农民的意见。     

一流大学师资队伍建设的着力点——我国34所"985工程"高校的实证研究

采用我国34所985工程高校的数据,运用灰色关联分析方法,实证研究了师资队伍各要素与一流大学产出之间的关联度,发现师资队伍的国际化水平、高端汇聚程度和学术引领能力是影响大学产出的关键因素,并确定为一流大学师资队伍建设的着力点。     

The decline of substitute pathways into retirement: Empirical evidence from the Dutch health care sector

Early retirement schemes and disability insurance in the Netherlands have undergone several reforms in recent decades. The reforms have increased incentives for older workers to continue working and have decreased the roles of “substitute pathways” into retirement. This article gives an overview of the reforms and, using administrative data for workers in the health care sector, tests a number of hypotheses about the labour market participation of older workers. The results offer two main findings: i) that the Dutch reforms have indeed been effective, as the labour force participation rate of older workers has increased; and ii) the concept of “substitute pathways” has become less relevant as the use of disability insurance has been closed off as an exit route to early retirement. Nevertheless, caution is required before generalizing the implications of these Dutch findings to other OECD countries.