巴洛克文学的多元文化价值及其影响场域

巴洛克文学曾受到文学批评史的不公正对待已是不争的事实。可是文学史的发展轨迹最终表明巴洛克文学具有多元文化价值、强大的生命力和不容忽视的影响场域。巴洛克文学的多元文化价值表现在：其一,生动再现17世纪欧洲各国的社会生活现实;其二,体现多元化的审美文化追求。巴洛克文学的影响场域表现为后世作家对其思想和艺术手法的借鉴、移植和化用,虽然亦存在着难以融合的断裂感和新异感。另外,这种影响还体现为一种追新逐异、兼收并蓄的＂巴洛克精神＂的广泛渗透。     

Fertility patterns of college graduates by field of study,US women born 1960–79

Building on recent European studies, we used the Survey of Income and Program Participation to provide the first analysis of fertility differences between groups of US college graduates by their undergraduate field of study. We used multilevel event-history models to investigate possible institutional and selection mechanisms linking field of study to delayed fertility and childlessness. The results are consistent with those found for Europe in showing an overall difference of 10 percentage points between levels of childlessness across fields, with the lowest levels occurring for women in health and education, intermediate levels for women in science and technology, and the highest levels for women in arts and social sciences. The mediating roles of the following field characteristics were assessed: motherhood employment penalties; percentage of men; family attitudes; and marriage patterns. Childlessness was higher among women in fields with a moderate representation of men, less traditional family attitudes, and late age at first marriage.     

Relevance of Risk Predictions Derived from a Chronic Species Sensitivity Distribution with Cadmium to Aquatic Populations and Ecosystems

Criteria to protect aquatic life are intended to protect diverse ecosystems, but in practice are usually developed from compilations of single‐species toxicity tests using standard test organisms that were tested in laboratory environments. Species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) developed from these compilations are extrapolated to set aquatic ecosystem criteria. The protectiveness of the approach was critically reviewed with a chronic SSD for cadmium comprising 27 species within 21 genera. Within the data set, one genus had lower cadmium effects concentrations than the SSD fifth percentile‐based criterion, so in theory this genus, the amphipod Hyalella, could be lost or at least allowed some level of harm by this criteria approach. However, population matrix modeling projected only slightly increased extinction risks for a temperate Hyalella population under scenarios similar to the SSD fifth percentile criterion. The criterion value was further compared to cadmium effects concentrations in ecosystem experiments and field studies. Generally, few adverse effects were inferred from ecosystem experiments at concentrations less than the SSD fifth percentile criterion. Exceptions were behavioral impairments in simplified food web studies. No adverse effects were apparent in field studies under conditions that seldom exceeded the criterion. At concentrations greater than the SSD fifth percentile, the magnitudes of adverse effects in the field studies were roughly proportional to the laboratory‐based fraction of species with adverse effects in the SSD. Overall, the modeling and field validation comparisons of the chronic criterion values generally supported the relevance and protectiveness of the SSD fifth percentile approach with cadmium.     

纸机传动控制系统的配置与控制原理

针对纸机日益高速化、大型化的发展趋势，设计了国内先进的全数字化通信网络传动控制系统。系统采用西门子全集成自动化解决方案，实现造纸生产过程的全线集成控制。高可靠的工业现场总线PROFIBUS—DP和工业以太网相结合的网络结构，有效地实现了数据共享，全面解决了整个工艺过程的控制。文章详细介绍了控制系统的配置和功能，重点阐述了速度链、负荷分配控制、张力控制等主要控制原理。     

多氢酸酸化技术及其应用

砂岩储层酸化的常规土酸体系存在与矿物反应速度快、酸化液的有效距离短和容易产生二次沉淀等问题。现存的缓速酸酸液体系不能克服粘土和石英界面反应速率的巨大反差，新的深度酸化工艺可以在一定程度上增加酸液的穿透距离，但工艺繁琐，且仍然不能解决沉淀、堵塞问题。多氢酸体系与现存的HF酸体系相比，其反应速度慢，溶解能力强，且具有良好的防垢性能和分散性能，可以抑制井眼附近的地层伤害，有效控制二次沉淀等优点。本研究对多氢酸的酸度特性、溶蚀性能、润湿性、静态腐蚀性以及多氢酸的分散和防垢性能进行了室内测试，并对土酸、氟硼酸及多氢酸进行了酸化效果实验评价。室内实验及现场应用表明，多氢酸性能优越，可明显提高酸化效果。     

聚合物/表面活性剂二元复合驱研究进展

从聚合物/表面活性剂二元体系的特点出发，综述了聚/表聚/表二元复合体系的实验室研究现状以及在胜利油田孤东七区54-61进行的矿场试验情况。聚/表二元复合驱是在聚/表/碱三元复合驱的基础上去掉碱所形成的低浓度的驱油体系，可以最大限度地发挥聚合物的粘度和弹性，减少乳化液处理带来的负面影响，减弱由于碱的存在引起的地层以及井筒结垢的现象。通过国内外研究结果分析表明，聚/表二元复合体系提高原油采收率幅度在20%左右；矿场试验取得了较好的效果。聚/表二元复合体系可以克服三元体系的缺点，作为一项新的驱油方法具有宽阔的发展空间。     

浅论位移电流

位移电流是普通物理中一个较重要的概念,也是教学中的一个难点.本文从位移电流概念的提出及实验验证,位移电流的物理意义及其与传导电流异同等几方面对其加以阐述,以求对位移电流的教学有所帮助.     

论德育场与德育新思维观

“德育场”作为自然场的派生物 ,其本质特征是重视德育系统与过程中各要素的能量、信息辐射、吸引力以及相互作用 ,与传统德目主义、整体主义德育模式的“控制”、“强化”教育相比 ,场思维的德育模式更重视对德育对象的民主诱导和德育过程的双向互动。德育场的核心要素是吸引子 ,吸引子按其价值取向可分为主导吸引子、辅助吸引子、异构吸引子 ,它们彼此按照耦合原理、役使原理、涨落原理与自发对称破缺原理进行运作。     

Old Structures,New Relations: How Community Development Credit Unions Define Organizational Boundaries

Studies of organizational dynamics examine the manner in which an organization's immediate environment defines the rules and requirements to which individual organizations must conform in order to receive legitimacy and support (Scott, 1992:132). In this paper we consider the question of how an organization can achieve legitimacy and support without necessarily compromising its organizational forms or practices to isomorphic pressures. We frame the question in terms of the boundaries between organizations and their environments. Where the population ecology studies show the survival value of adopting known organizational forms and practices, and neoinstitutionalism addresses the need to display compliance with accepted forms, our case study demonstrates the possibility of removing an organization or set of organizations from the familiar interaction by naming it as a subfield of the organizational field, sharing the environment, but out of the way of predefined norms and practices.     

明清小说评点的空间连叙概念:一线穿

本文清理明清小说评点空间叙事理论，提出一线穿是评点家提炼的贯穿小说间架结构的连叙概念。它和书法的一笔书、绘画的一笔画具有同构对应的亲缘关系，表现出空间意识，追求整体连叙的线性运动和贯通的气势。