语言关系、文化关系,语言文化探索乐无比——西南边疆语言与文化专家访谈录之七“陈保亚专访”

中国西南边疆民族语言资源丰富,接触类型复杂。茶马古道的分支和延伸区域跟民族语言的分布、接触类型有很大的关系。这样一种格局在整个世界范围都具有类型学意义。充分展开中国西南边疆语言与文化方面的研究,中国的语言学会在语言接触研究、同源关系判定、参考语法描写、语言类型研究和语言保护理论几个方面做出显著贡献。要实现研究目标,必须重视田野调查的精准和理论概括的严密性。     

“Otis”: A Case Study of an Online Attempt to Purchase Children for Sex

ABSTRACT

The researchers analyzed court documents to develop a case study of an individual convicted of buying sexual services from exploited children. Findings indicate that the subject deviates from preexisting victim selection processes and demonstrates characteristics inconsistent with existing sexual offender typologies that likens offender behaviors to the hunting techniques and behaviors of predatory animals. As evidenced in the case study, the individual perceived the victims solely as a means of deviant sexual satiation and did not participate in traditionally established victim acquisition techniques. In addition, the researchers propose adopting terminology that adheres to the term consumer rather than buyer as it better represents some offenders’ disconnect and lack of empathy in the victim acquisition process.     

Understanding outsourcing contexts through information asymmetry and capability fit

Outsourcing is a strategic activity that has long been central to operations management research and practice. Yet, there are still many outsourcing management challenges that remain. In this article, we explore two of the outsourcing challenges that motivated this special issue and are central to the 10 articles included. To do this, we develop a theoretical model that examines how variations in capability fit and information asymmetry combine to present firms with four different outsourcing contexts. We then explain how each of the articles included in this special issue relate to our theoretical model and explore several avenues for future research.     

时间的一维性对英汉语动词句法特征的制约——基于语言类型学视角

从语言类型学视角看,英语和汉语在句法上分别是偏重形合和意合的语言。受时间一维性原则的制约,在一个英语句子中,在某一时间位置如果有多个动词表达相关动作（同时发生或先后发生）,就只有一个动词（并列动词除外）具有时体等与时间信息有关的句法特征,其他动词则通过名词化或非限定形式来消除与时间信息相关的句法特征;汉语的动词在句法上也受时间一维性的制约。研究发现英汉语中的限定动词与非限定动词的对立在本质上相同,在句法表现上不同。此外,对比分析了英语动词名词化过程的连续统和汉语名动词的相似点,更好地揭示英语-ing分词、动名词和动词派生名词的本质和汉语名动词的本质。     

论“暴力”的意涵

就暴力的批判性研究而言,重要而又棘手的问题是如何界定暴力的概念,明确其意涵,分析其类型.实证主义和绝对主义的暴力观都有其合理性,但未能全面揭示暴力的本质.在广阔的历史和社会背景中来看,暴力的本质揭示的是一种表征社会关系的意志形态,而不仅仅是一种物理性的伤害.     

Doing Machismo: Legitimating Speech Acts as a Selection Discourse

This article explores the relationship between machismo and implicit power processes at a conceptual and empirical level. Implicit power processes are the taken‐for‐granted ways in which organizational members reproduce sexual divisions in their organizations. The empirical data are derived from the Argentine auto components industry. This is a male‐dominated industry and machismo was used to explain and justify selection decisions that favoured men. Machismo is intrinsically linked to masculinity and power and should be defined as a set of hegemonic masculinities. Machismo represents four images of the dominant ideal of manhood in the Argentine society. These images are the authoritarian image, the breadwinner image, the virility image and the chivalry image. Machismo can then be studied as a discourse on masculinity that, when translated into particular selection discourses, implicitly leads to the exclusion of women from this industry. Machismo and implicit power processes are thus intertwined; both sexes routinely reproduce the male standard. In order to show how discourses on masculinity implicitly shape selection processes, this article presents a typology. The typology consists of four types, the power of natural differences, the power of denial, pastoral or caring power, and the power of the male standard. The typology serves as an analytical tool to reveal the intertwining of machismo and implicit power processes at the shop floors of Argentine auto components firms.     

中国少数民族审美模式初探

中国少数民族审美模式可以被理解为不同民族在长期审美实践活动中积淀而成的审美个性。它包括两个层次结构:一是外在样态或表层结构,即不同民族审美个性的表层样态;二是深层结构或内在意义,即表现不同民族审美个性的审美观念、审美趣味和审美理想。少数民族审美模式的深层结构或内在性格是其存在的核心,表层结构是表现深层审美结构的象征符号。从文化类型学以及少数民族审美实践出发可将中国少数民族的审美模式大致分为游牧民族、农业民族、海洋渔猎民族的审美模式三大类。中国少数民族美学是民族学和美学的交叉学科,是中华民族美学不可或缺的重要组成部分。     

中西典型理论演进流程比照之辨析

西方典型理论主要经历了类型化、性格化、个性化到心态化四种形态的流变;中国古代典型理论演进主要经历了类型化、性格化和个性化三个不同质的形态。尽管现当代中国深受西方典型观的影响,但中国古代性格化、个性化典型理论的形成都早于西方一个多世纪。过去往往把性格化的典型与个性化的典型混为一谈,实际上在典型理论发展过程中,性格化典型是类型化典型和个性化典型之间必要的过渡型典型,具有自身独立的价值和意义。在当代文艺创作中类型化、性格化、个性化和心态化这四种典型类型和观念是可以共生共存的。     

新媒体事件的话语生产框架:基于类型学社会话语的分析视角

本文以类型学社会话语的分析框架将新媒体事件归纳为四类话语即国家(民族)话语、公共性话语、民粹主义话语和文化话语,话语背后分别体现了官方意志与爱国精神、公民性力量、戏谑狂欢精神和文化建构逻辑。这些话语共同构成了新媒体舆情的主要表达内容。     

Comparing long-term care systems: A multi-dimensional,actor-centred typology

Like other fields of social policy, the organization of long-term care (LTC) varies temporally and geographically. The present article aims to advance the comparison of LTC systems worldwide by proposing a conceptual framework to analyse variation, putting a special focus on analysing the role of public and private actor types. In a precluding literature review of existing LTC typologies, we find that there are various promising classification approaches, but with an overwhelming concentration on European countries and often constructed in-transparently and superficially. Building on the concept of the care/welfare mix, we develop a multi-dimensional, actor-centred typology of LTC systems. In doing so, we employ the methodological procedure of theoretically constructing a typological attribute space. We argue that three dimensions, that is service provision, financing and regulation, are crucial for differentiating types. Furthermore, we chose an actor-centred approach, asking who bears the main responsibility in each dimension. Five relevant types of corporate actors are distinguished: state, societal actors, private for-profit actors, private individual actors, and global actors. Finally, we present and discuss the resulting attribute space and further illustrated the typology's use by exemplarily classifying three countries.