顾客第一论

“顾客第一”有其特定的内涵,它充分体现社会主义企业的根本目的,因而是企业所有经营观念中的一个根本性观念,也是企业生产经营的一个根本指导思想。企业要实现其双重目的,促进物质文明和精神文明建设的发展,并树立各种现代经营观念,就必须坚持顾客第一。     

论知识产权侵权行为的归责原则

探讨知识产权侵权行为的归责原则,对确定侵权人应否承担民事责任很重要。本文从民法和知识产权法的基本理论出发,结合TRIPs规定精神和我国知识产权立法的规定,分析和指出了我国知识产权侵权行为的归责原则。     

A Theory of Rational Choice under Ignorance

This paper contributes to a theory of rational choice for decision-makers with incomplete preferences due to partial ignorance, whose beliefs are representable as sets of acceptable priors. We focus on the limiting case of `Complete Ignorance' which can be viewed as reduced form of the general case of partial ignorance. Rationality is conceptualized in terms of a `Principle of Preference-Basedness', according to which rational choice should be isomorphic to asserted preference. The main result characterizes axiomatically a new choice-rule called `Simultaneous Expected Utility Maximization'. It can be interpreted as agreement in a bargaining game (Kalai-Smorodinsky solution) whose players correspond to the (extremal) `acceptable priors' among which the decision maker has suspended judgment. An essential but non-standard feature of Simultaneous Expected Utility choices is their dependence on the entire choice set. This is justified by the conception of optimality as compromise rather than as superiority in pairwise comparisons.     

行政裁量的界限与公共利益

公共利益是贯穿于整个公法领域的重要法律概念,为所有国家行为提供合法性理由。但由于公共利益概念的不确定性,在解释其内容时往往要诉诸于行政裁量。当今宪政国家要求行政裁量行为遵守内外界限,而此种界限映射到公共利益上即表现为法定性以及合理性和程序性。     

文化全球化与思想政治教育的创新

文化全球化浪潮对我们的思想政治教育既构成了新的挑战,又给予了新的发展机遇。应对文化全球化挑战的首要之举,是要坚持真理与价值的统一、继承与创新的统一、共性与个性的统一、拒斥与接纳的统一的方法论原则,去改进我们的思想政治教育工作。     

英语俚语汉译初探

英语俚语难以辨认和理解,因而在翻译中其意义和风格难以得以充分传达。为了保证其意义和风格在译文中充分再现,译者必须准确理解原文,再现原文特色以及说话者的个性     

Estimating utility functions using generalized maximum entropy

This paper estimates von Neumann and Morgenstern utility functions using the generalized maximum entropy (GME), applied to data obtained by utility elicitation methods. Given the statistical advantages of this approach, we provide a comparison of the performance of the GME estimator with ordinary least square (OLS) in a real data small sample setup. The results confirm the ones obtained for small samples through Monte Carlo simulations. The difference between the two estimators is small and it decreases as the width of the parameter support vector increases. Moreover, the GME estimator is more precise than the OLS one. Overall, the results suggest that GME is an interesting alternative to OLS in the estimation of utility functions when data are generated by utility elicitation methods.     

Penalized Maximum Likelihood Principle for Choosing Ridge Parameter

We consider the problem of choosing the ridge parameter. Two penalized maximum likelihood (PML) criteria based on a distribution-free and a data-dependent penalty function are proposed. These PML criteria can be considered as “continuous” versions of AIC. A systematic simulation is conducted to compare the suggested criteria to several existing methods. The simulation results strongly support the use of our method. The method is also applied to two real data sets.     

Of what use are tests of significance and tests of hypothesis

This paper discusses the role of significance testing, in contrast to hypothesis testing. It takes the view that the two processes must be differentiated because they are in fact different even though they possess some common mathematical features. A supporting view of significance testing is presented. Difficulties and obscurities are discussed.