Moral character: What it is and what it does

Moral character can be conceptualized as an individual's disposition to think, feel, and behave in an ethical versus unethical manner, or as the subset of individual differences relevant to morality. This essay provides an organizing framework for understanding moral character and its relationship to ethical and unethical work behaviors. We present a tripartite model for understanding moral character, with the idea that there are motivational, ability, and identity elements. The motivational element is consideration of others – referring to a disposition toward considering the needs and interests of others, and how one's own actions affect other people. The ability element is self-regulation – referring to a disposition toward regulating one's behavior effectively, specifically with reference to behaviors that have positive short-term consequences but negative long-term consequences for oneself or others. The identity element is moral identity—referring to a disposition toward valuing morality and wanting to view oneself as a moral person. After unpacking what moral character is, we turn our attention to what moral character does, with a focus on how it influences unethical behavior, situation selection, and situation creation. Our research indicates that the impact of moral character on work outcomes is significant and consequential, with important implications for research and practice in organizational behavior.     

Sensitivity Analysis for Critical Control Points Determination and Uncertainty Analysis to Link FSO and Process Criteria: Application to Listeria monocytogenes in Soft Cheese Made from Pasteurized Milk

Microbiological food safety is an important economic and health issue in the context of globalization and presents food business operators with new challenges in providing safe foods. The hazard analysis and critical control point approach involve identifying the main steps in food processing and the physical and chemical parameters that have an impact on the safety of foods. In the risk‐based approach, as defined in the Codex Alimentarius, controlling these parameters in such a way that the final products meet a food safety objective (FSO), fixed by the competent authorities, is a big challenge and of great interest to the food business operators. Process risk models, issued from the quantitative microbiological risk assessment framework, provide useful tools in this respect. We propose a methodology, called multivariate factor mapping (MFM), for establishing a link between process parameters and compliance with a FSO. For a stochastic and dynamic process risk model of in soft cheese made from pasteurized milk with many uncertain inputs, multivariate sensitivity analysis and MFM are combined to (i) identify the critical control points (CCPs) for throughout the food chain and (ii) compute the critical limits of the most influential process parameters, located at the CCPs, with regard to the specific process implemented in the model. Due to certain forms of interaction among parameters, the results show some new possibilities for the management of microbiological hazards when a FSO is specified.     

RFID‐Enabled Visibility and Retail Inventory Record Inaccuracy: Experiments in the Field

Accurate inventory records are key to effective store execution, affecting forecasting, ordering, and replenishment. Prior empirical research, however, shows that retailer inventory records are inherently inaccurate. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) enables visibility into the movement of inventories in the supply chain. Using two different field experiments, the current research investigates the effectiveness of this visibility in reducing retail store inventory record inaccuracy (IRI). Study 1 used an interrupted time‐series design and involved daily physical counts of all products in one category in 13 stores (8 treatments and 5 controls) of a major global retailer over 23 weeks. Results indicate a significant decrease in IRI of approximately 26% due to RFID‐enabled visibility. Using an untreated control group design with pre‐test and post‐test, Study 2 expands the number of categories to five and the number of stores to 62 (31 treatment and 31 control stores). Results show that the effectiveness of RFID in reducing IRI varies by category (ranging from no statistically significant improvement to 81%). Results also suggest that RFID ameliorates the effects of known determinants of IRI and provide the key insight that the technology is most effective for product categories characterized by these determinants.     

ODP环境中全局安全系统的拓扑结构

ＯＤＰ环境中的全局安全系统是由各个安全域通过安全联接而成的，但是安全域之间的关系、全局安全系统的结构却是错综复杂的，组织和管理好全局安全系统是一个非常重要的问题。文中提出了全局安全系统的三种拓扑结构：网状拓扑、树状拓扑和综合拓扑，并根据安全政策和安全对象，讨论了各种拓扑的特点和构成条件。     

拓扑型极大极小不等式、截口定理和抽象经济平衡点的存在性定理

利用[1]中得到的参数型KKM定理首先证明了区间空间上的几个向量值极大极小定理。应用这些结果,得到了几个拓扑型截口定理和另外三种等价形式,最后讨论了抽象经济平衡点的存在性问题。     

Ultrastructural elliptical models

Dolby's (1976) ultrastructural model with no replications is investigated within the class of the elliptical distributions. General asymptotic results are given for the sample covariance matrix S in the presence of incidental parameters. These results are used to study the asymptotic behaviour of some estimators of the slope parameter, unifying and extending existing results in the literature. In particular, under some regularity conditions they are shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal. For the special case of the structural model, some asymptotic relative efficiencies are also reported which show that generalized least squares and the method of moment estimators can be highly inefficient under nonnormality.     

ERP实施后的企业人员培训

针对基于供应链思想而提出的、对企业资源进行统筹安排的ERP新的管理模式下的企业人员培训问题进行了研究,对企业应该如何进行员工培训以及培训的内容、重点进行了分析,并从培训计划的制定及培训效果的检查两方面提出了确保培训效果应注意的问题。     

数字图像缩放的原理与硬件实现

在对数字图像的缩放原理进行理论分析的基础上，给出了适合工程应用的简化缩放公式，以数字自动印刷机为例，介绍了用硬件实现数字图像缩放的方法，并对数字图像经过缩放后产生的误差与失真进行了分析。     

机械工程常用螺旋面的研究

本文对机械工程中常用螺旋面抽象模型化,进而建立了空间一般螺旋面通用矢量方程(2),并利用(2)对机械工程中常用的圆柱螺旋面、圆锥螺旋面、平面螺纹面等逐一进行分析.     

离散频谱分析的一种新校正方法

提出了一种对幅值谱进行校正的新方法,用以解决离散频谱当谱峰没有对正峰顶,有能量泄漏所带来的误差,并讨论了矩形窗、汉宁窗、海明窗和高斯窗四种窗函数的修正方法,校正的频率、幅值和相位的精度可达细化100倍以上的效果。