我国高校研究生兼任“三助”工作的现状与发展对策

我国高校研究生兼任“助教”、“助管”、“助研”工作于20世纪80年代开展以来,已有了一定的发展,但与近年来我国研究生教育的快速发展相比较仍显滞后。在现阶段,研究生“三助”工作存在岗位偏少、经费不足、报酬偏低以及相关部门和研究生导师推动“三助”工作的意识淡化等一系列的问题。因此需要根据我国研究生教育的具体情况,采取“产学研”发展模式,同时还要借鉴国外研究生的“三助”管理和实施经验,把研究生“三助”工作推向新的高度,使其真正能为学生、为高校、为社会服务。     

社会生产方式与生育文化变迁研究

以中国传统生育文化的生成土壤为基础,将中国生育文化作为一个包括技术系统、社会系统和意识形态系统的整体动力系统,并把社会生产方式作为推动这一系统运行、变迁的动力源泉,由此探讨生产力和生产关系的矛盾运动对中国生育文化的形成、发展、变迁的决定作用,以及这种作用的内在机理和外部表现形式,并揭示存在各种不同社会机体中生育文化发展、变迁的特殊规律,以正确把握由传统生育文化向现代化生育文化转变的内在动力和运行机制。     

一起无单放货案例评析

随着国际贸易与航运的发展,记名提单无单放货的现象越来越普遍。有关记名提单是否要凭单交货在中国学术界一直存在争议,司法实践中法院基于不同观点作出不同判决。基于具体案例对记名提单无单放货的问题进行了分析,并提出了作者的观点。     

煤炭上市公司资本结构与公司成长性研究

文章以沪深两市2015-2018年的煤炭上市企业数据为研究样本,研究煤炭企业资本结构和成长性之间的关系,采用因子分析法和线性回归的方法,从盈利能力,短期偿债能力,资产营运水平,发展能力四个方面反映企业成长性,最终得出盈利能力,短期偿债能力和资产营运水平和企业成长性之间存在着负相关的关系,这对促进煤炭企业构建合理资本结构,降低企业财务风险,保证企业经营目标有着实际意义。     

The Transnational Tilt of the Treadmill and the Role of Trade Openness on Carbon Emissions: A Comparative International Study, 1965–2010

There are various schools of thought regarding the relationship between the environment and economy. Ecological modernization argues that the harmful effects of economic growth and development on the environment decline through time, whereas the treadmill of production and ecologically unequal exchange postulate different perspectives. This study relies on World Bank and World Resources Institute data for the period of 1965–2010. Time‐series cross‐sectional Prais‐Winsten (PW) regression models with panel‐corrected standard errors (PCSE) are employed to examine whether economic growth and trade openness intensified or decoupled in relation to three measures of carbon dioxide (CO₂₎ emissions during this period. The findings of this study indicate that there has been a “tilt” in the treadmill of production—that is, the most environmentally degrading production processes have moved to less developed countries. Furthermore, integration into the world economy has been associated with an intensification in CO₂ emissions for less developed countries. Surprisingly, however, this phenomenon does not seem to be driven by exports sent to high‐income nations, suggesting that there are mechanisms embodied within the global organization of production that require further exploration.     

我国盐业产业组织政策研究

产业组织政策的基本目标就是要促进产业实现有效竞争,我国盐业产业组织政策并没达到有效竞争的目标,长期处于"二元"产业组织结构。一方面"大工业盐"市场集中度较低,竞争过度,另一方面"食小盐"市场部门垄断严重,竞争缺失,导致产业组织效率低下。因此,当务之急,不仅要实行管制与竞争相兼容的盐业特许投标政策,还要出台规模经济与竞争活力相兼容的系列有效竞争政策——企业并购政策、经济规模政策和竞争活力政策,以促成金字塔形的产业组织体系,彰显各层次企业的规模经济,实现有效竞争,提高产业经济效率,进而提升我国盐业产业的国际竞争力。     

高职院校煤矿开采技术专业课程模块化教学研究

根据高职院校煤矿开采技术专业人才的培养目标以及以此确立的职业岗位所需的知识结构和能力、素质要求,提出了在高职院校煤矿开采技术专业课程中实施模块化教学的基本思路和课程体系改革的基本原则,着重阐明了课程模块化设置的结构和各模块的课程设置。     

Cloud manufacturing system for sheet metal processing

Abstract

Cloud computing is changing the way industries and enterprises run their businesses. Cloud manufacturing is emerging as an approach to transform the traditional manufacturing business model, while helping the manufacturer to align production efficiency with its business strategy, and creating intelligent factory networks that enable collaboration across the whole enterprise. Many production planning and control (PPC) problems are essentially optimisation problems, where the objective is to develop a plan that meets the demand at minimum cost or maximum profit. Because the underlying optimisation problem will vary in the different business and operation phases, it is important to think about optimisation in a dynamic mechanism and in a number of interlinked sub-problems at the same time. Cloud manufacturing has the potential to offer decision support as a service and medium of communication in PPC. To solve these problems and produce collaboration across the supply chain, this paper provides an overview of the state of the art in cloud manufacturing and presents a model of cloud-based production planning and production system for sheet metal processing.     

Optimal Dynamic Order Scheduling under Capacity Constraints Given Demand‐Forecast Evolution

We consider a manufacturer without any frozen periods in production schedules so that it can dynamically update the schedules as the demand forecast evolves over time until the realization of actual demand. The manufacturer has a fixed production capacity in each production period, which impacts the time to start production as well as the production schedules. We develop a dynamic optimization model to analyze the optimal production schedules under capacity constraint and demand‐forecast updating. To model the evolution of demand forecasts, we use both additive and multiplicative versions of the martingale model of forecast evolution. We first derive expressions for the optimal base stock levels for a single‐product model. We find that manufacturers located near their market bases can realize most of their potential profits (i.e., profit made when the capacity is unlimited) by building a very limited amount of capacity. For moderate demand uncertainty, we also show that it is almost impossible for manufacturers to compensate for the increase in supply–demand mismatches resulting from long delivery lead times by increasing capacity, making lead‐time reduction a better alternative than capacity expansion. We then extend the model to a multi‐product case and derive expressions for the optimal production quantities for each product given a shared capacity constraint. Using a two‐product model, we show that the manufacturer should utilize its capacity more in earlier periods when the demand for both products is more positively correlated.     

“国防一线”的“三线建设”——云南三线建设的历史研究

云南处于援越抗美和对越自卫反击战的国防一线,同时又是我国地缘国防战略的大后方。既是“一线”又是“三线”的特殊地缘政治环境,赋予了云南三线建设独特的面貌和经验。在1964年至1980年的云南三线建设历程中,经历了两个建设高潮。文章试图真实再现各个阶段的规划部署、实施过程,分析出现的问题,以弥补相关研究的不足。这场特殊的“备战经济”建设,为保卫边疆安全、巩固国防发挥了应有的作用,同时也为云南的经济社会发展做出了重大的贡献。