Post-finasteride syndrome – does it really exist?

Abstract

Inhibitors of 5α-steroid reductase are drugs used to treat androgen-dependent conditions including prostate diseases and androgenic alopecia. Finasteride was the first on the market and is currently the most widely used inhibitor. Dutasteride was the second inhibitor to be approved and has a similar safety profile. Common adverse events of treatment consist of sexual disorders and a negative affect balance. It was described that the prolonged use of 5α-steroid reductase inhibitors in patients with alopecia can cause persistent side effects called a post-finasteride syndrome (PFS), that is not just a simple coexistence of events, but rather a definite syndrome with an iatrogenic background. PFS occurs in susceptible individuals even after small doses of the drug and can last for a long time after the discontinuation of treatment. A deterioration in the quality of life in affected individuals does not justify use of the drug. Wider recognition of PFS symptoms, its incidence, course, prevention, and treatment possibilities will allow the indications for drug use to be reconsidered and treatment to be more personalized. Knowledge about PFS will also help to provide the best treatment for affected individuals and to properly educate patients before obtaining an informed consent for therapy with 5α-steroid reductase inhibitors.     

Ethnic Minority Families and Minority Gays and Lesbians

Attitudes toward sexuality differ within the diverse ethnic and racial communities that exist in the U.S., and the cultural values and beliefs surrounding sexuality play a major role in determining how individuals behave within their sociological context. The family unit is the domain where such values and beliefs are nurtured and developed. An individual's value system is shaped and reinforced within the family context which usually reflects the broader community norms. Disclosure of a gay or lesbian sexual preference and lifestyle by a family member presents challenges to ethnic minority families who tend not to discuss sexuality issues and presume a heterosexual orientation. For ethnic minority gays and lesbians the "coming out" process presents challenges in their identity formation processes and in their loyalties to one community over another. Ethnic gay men and lesbians need to live within three rigidly defined and strongly independent communities: the gay and lesbian community, the ethnic minority community, and the society at large. While each community provides fundamental needs, serious consequences emerge if such communities were to be visibly integrated and merged. It requires a constant effort to maintain oneself in three different worlds, each of which fails to support significant aspects of a person's life. The complications that arise may inhibit one's ability to adapt and to maximize personal potentials. The purpose of this paper is to examine the interaction and processes between ethnic minority communities and their gay and lesbian family members. A framework for understanding the process of change, that occurs for the gay or lesbian person as they attempt to resolve conflicts of dual minority membership, is presented. Implications for the practitioner is also discussed.     

大型体育赛事与城市形象建设

北京奥运会以后,中国各大城市逐渐掀起了承办大型体育赛事的高潮,这种密集型体育赛事现象的出现,有其历史的必然性。文章从三个方面予以分析:一是中国国情;二是中国转型时期的特点;三是从文化和风俗学意义上讲,体育赛事起到节日不足的调剂作用。文章对集约式举办大型体育赛事带来的负面作用进行了具体讨论,最后从"节俭办会"原则出发,提出了具体的操作性意见。     

微博的特点及其潮词英译解析

微博,即微型博客,是一类新兴起开放互联网社交服务和交流方式,其最大特点是便捷性和原创性。随着社会和经济的发展,微博潮词不断涌现,许多社会热点事件通过微博迅速传播。搞好微博热点事件和微博潮词英译对于网络文化建设和社会具有一定积极意义。     

整合资源 从容应对 努力提高政府应急处置能力

建立突发公共事件管理机制是党中央提出的构建社会主义和谐社会的重要组成部分。阐述了公共危机和社会应急机制的概念,提出了当前形势下加强应急管理的重要性和紧迫性,客观分析了我国预防和处置突发事件的现状,从领导体制、预案体系、指挥平台建设、心理防护、应急队伍建设等方面提出了对策和建议。     

少数民族传统体育项目在新疆高职院校阳光体育运动中的应用研究

文章采用了文献资料、专家访谈、问卷调查等方法对新疆12所高职院校进行了调查研究.结果表明:少数民族传统体育项目在新疆高职院校阳光体育运动中应用有利于发挥教师与学生之间的互动性,使阳光体育运动落到实处,有利于少数民族传统体育的传承与保护,有利于学生终身体育习惯的养成等.     

近年来我国电视重大报道的若干反思

近年来的电视重大报道凸显了不少问题,这些问题看似是当今时代无法破解的悖论,但追根溯源,可以找到悖论的根基;从电视对灾难报道、危机报道和盛会报道三个场域着眼,我们可以看到,在灾难报道中诉求人文精神,报道中就没有宏大与细节之争,在危机报道中回归精英主义,商业利益和公共利益之矛盾也迎刃而解,所谓"点名"或"不点名"实为无谓之争;在盛会报道中树立"理性民族观",平衡"兜售民族"与"融合世界",二者将在传播活动中并行不悖。     

运动事件编码的语言类型学研究

Talmy认为运动事件可以识别出六个认知成分,其中运动的路径是事件的核心图式,根据编码路径的语言成分不同,可以把各种语言分为两类。但后来的研究者认为可以把所有的语言置于一个连续体上,相应地各种语言应分为三类,其中汉语运动事件的表述模式属于第三类。运动事件表述模式的习得过程以及表述模式对认知活动的影响值得进一步研究。     

群体性事件中非制度化公民参与的逻辑

我国近年来频发的群体性事件实际上是非制度化公民参与的产物,触发性事件的发生、流言的传播与扩散、问题化技术的使用以及目的达到后的退却,构成了群体性事件的运行机制。解决群体性事件要开启制度化的通道,实现从非制度化公民参与向制度化公民参与的转变,将群体性事件转变成常态的公民集体行动。     

汉语运动事件词汇化模式类型归属探究

根据Talmy的词汇化模式理论,世界上的语言可分为两大类：动词框架语言和卫星框架语言。后来,Slobin又补充了一种同等框架语言类型。对于汉语的类型归属,学者们提出三种观点：分别是卫星框架语言、动词框架语言和同等框架语言。本文通过研究认为,汉语既是动词框架语言,也是卫星框架语言,并通过实际语料发现动词框架类型在汉语中占优势。许多语言都表现出复合型特点,把某一语言归入非此即彼的类型范畴,这是一种错误。大部分语言不仅仅有一种编码策略。