负性生活事件对高职学前专业学生主观幸福感的影响及链式中介效应分析

为深入剖析负性生活事件对高职学前专业学生主观幸福感的影响，并探讨反刍思维、心理韧性在负性生活事件与主观幸福感之间的链式中介作用，笔者选取贵州省、广西省、四川省五所高职高专院校2152名高职学前专业学生作为调查对象，采用负性生活事件量表、反刍思维量表、心理韧性量表以及主观幸福感量表进行问卷调查。结果表明：1）高职学前专业学生的负性生活事件平均得分为1.83，其中重度负性生活事件（4-5分）占比2.5%，中度负性生活事件（2-4分）占比28.6%，轻度负性生活事件（1-2分）占比68.9%。主观幸福感平均得分为4.52，其中高水平主观幸福感（5-7分）占比24.6%，中度水平主观幸福感（3-5分）为占比72.8%，低水平主观幸福感（1-3分）占比2.6%。2）男生在负性生活事件得分上高于女生，差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。3）生活负性事件对主观幸福感的影响通过三条中介效应实现：反刍思维中介作用（39.1%），心理韧性的中介作用（20.5%），反刍思维与心理韧性的链式中介作用（19.6%）。     

An improved score-type confidence interval for stratified risk differences involving rare events

A stratified analysis of the differences in proportions has been widely employed in epidemiological research, social sciences, and drug development. It provides a useful framework for combining data across strata to produce a common effect. However, for rare events with incidence rates close to zero, popular confidence intervals for risk differences in a stratified analysis may not have appropriate coverage probabilities that approach the nominal confidence levels and the algorithms may fail to produce a valid confidence interval because of zero events in both the arms of a stratum. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of certain methods commonly employed to construct confidence intervals for stratified risk differences when the response probabilities are close to a boundary value of zero or one. Additionally, we propose an improved stratified Miettinen–Nurminen confidence interval that exhibits a superior performance over standard methods while avoiding computational difficulties involving rare events. The proposed method can also be employed when the response probabilities are close to one.     

我国马拉松赛事供给质量治理

马拉松赛事作为一种社会生活消费品，其供给过程归属城市特殊事件，其供给质量辐射社会、政治、经济、文化、教育、生态等领域公共治理镜像。马拉松赛事供给质量治理是多维利益博弈、多元主体参与的复杂系统。马拉松赛事供给主体的多元性使得其供给质量受“个域”共同体限制，存在外在合乎规定性质量评定问题、放射式质量治理权力问题以及反应式逆向质量决策问题等。马拉松赛事供给质量治理应推进治理的公共善意，实现供给质量治理的“公共理性”，达成供给质量善治的“公共的善”；同时，应构建共担共治共享共赢机制，建立治理共同体，明晰治理关系，调控治理全过程，以助推马拉松赛事公共领域发展的共生共赢。