如何提高青少年运动员的心理自我控制能力

以运动生理学、心理学为论据 ,论证心理与生理的内在关系。提出比赛时青少年的心理状态是可以自我调控的 ,并且通过训练可达到提高成绩的目的     

Multi‐Product Quality Competition: Impact of Resource Constraints

We study a multi‐product firm with limited capacity where the products are vertically (quality) differentiated and the customer base is heterogeneous in their valuation of quality. While the demand structure creates opportunities through proliferation, the firm should avoid cannibalization between its own products. Moreover, the oligopolistic market structure puts competitive pressure and limits the firm's market share. On the other hand, the firm has limited resources that cause a supply‐side fight for adequate and profitable production. We explicitly characterize the conditions where each force dominates. Our focus is on understanding how capacity constraints and competition affect a firm's product‐mix decisions. We find that considering capacity constraints could significantly change traditional insights (that ignore capacity) related to product‐line design and the role of competition therein. In particular, we show that when the resources are limited, the firm should offer only the product that has the highest margin per unit capacity. We find that this product could be the diametrically opposite product suggested by the existing literature. In addition, we show that for intermediate capacity levels, whereas the margin per unit capacity effect dominates in a less competitive market, proliferation and cannibalization effects dominate in a more competitive market.     

Supply Chain Contracting Under Competition: Bilateral Bargaining vs. Stackelberg

We analyze contracting behaviors in a two‐tier supply chain system consisting of competing manufacturers and competing retailers. We contrast the contracting outcome of a Stackelberg game, in which the manufacturers offer take‐it‐or‐leave‐it contracts to the retailers, with that of a bargaining game, in which the firms bilaterally negotiate contract terms via a process of alternating offers. The manufacturers in the Stackelberg game possess a Stackelberg‐leader advantage in that the retailers are not entitled to make counteroffers. Our analysis suggests that whether this advantage would benefit the manufacturers depends on the contractual form. With simple contracts such as wholesale‐price contracts, which generally do not allow one party to fully extract the trade surplus, the Stackelberg game replicates the boundary case of the bargaining game with the manufacturers possessing all the bargaining power. In contrast, with sophisticated contracts such as two‐part tariffs, which enable full surplus extraction, the two games lead to distinct outcomes. We further show that the game structure being Stackelberg or bargaining critically affects firms' preferences over contract types and thus their equilibrium contract choices. These observations suggest that the Stackelberg game may not be a sufficient device to predict contracting behaviors in reality where bargaining is commonly observed.     

需求不确定性、股权激励与企业成本弹性

当前,我国内外部环境日益复杂,企业经营发展面临困境。在此宏观背景下,深入探讨需求不确定性与企业微观行为之间的关系十分必要。基于2010—2018年我国A股上市公司数据,实证考察了需求不确定性对我国企业成本弹性的影响,并分析了股权激励的调节作用。研究发现:(1)需求不确定性与企业成本弹性正相关,尤其是在企业需求下降之时;(2)股权激励缓解了需求不确定性所引起的成本弹性的上升趋势,尤其是在企业需求上升之时;(3)股权激励的调节作用在产品市场竞争度较低的企业中更为显著;(4)进一步地,股权激励的调节作用具有“壕沟效应”,过度激励可能适得其反。上述结果表明,在需求不确定性增大的环境下,企业可以适度、合理地利用股权激励手段优化“成本管理”的预期效果。     

中国在国际标准竞争中的兼容策略与公共政策

兼容策略和政府相应的公共政策,对于推动后发的中国自主标准成长为国际标准至关重要。为了给中国政府制定相关公共政策提供理论依据,构造一个三阶段完全信息动态博弈模型,以研究技术标准的市场规模和兼容成本对企业兼容决策的影响,得出了企业在标准竞争中选择互相兼容、单向兼容和互不兼容策略时的决策条件,据此为中国政府制定有利于本国企业参与国际标准竞争的公共政策提出建议。     

可持续发展条件下国际竞争力比较

随着经济全球化的发展,国与国之间的关系日益密切,在企业、产业、区域、国家等各个层面上,竞争力却日趋激烈。竞争力的话题在宏观、中观和微观领域内被广泛提及并讨论。本文从国际竞争力的定义、国际竞争力背后的理论模型以及国际竞争力的评估三个角度出发,对当前国际竞争力进行分析,发现以下现象:(1)并没有统一、清晰的国际竞争力概念;(2)国际竞争力的评估往往是为了迎合政治上的需求;(3)不同的国际竞争力理论模型从不同的角度对国际竞争力进行解释说明;(4)国际竞争力的评估是一个动态的发展过程。     

试论航空经济的概念与发展

航空经济是民航业内外的一个热词。运用概念分析方法,回顾和分析国内外航空经济的发展历程与现实。现有概念具有许多商榷之处,需要重新界定航空经济的概念内涵和集态特征。从全球企业竞争态势上提出了以省级政府为中国发展航空经济的牵头主体,核心工作是搭建好航空经济产业集聚发展平台,发展战略上注意控制规模和实行差异化策略,持续发展好航空运输经济四项建议。     

孙子“用变”思想的多重内涵及现代启示

孙子"用变"思想是一个完整的体系,结合《孙子兵法》的有关内容,深入挖掘孙子"用变"思想的不同内涵和借鉴价值,以求为现代人更好地借鉴孙子"用变"思想,提升竞争能力和竞争水平提供一个整体的思路。     

基于产业竞争与协作的区域物流建模研究

运用改进的竞争合作模型对区域物流产业与区域经济之间的交互作用进行建模研究。探讨区域内物流产业的发展对其他行业的拉动与支持及其影响程度。旨在为区域物流的发展规则及区域内物流产业的政策支持与相关扶植提出切实可行的政策建议。     

澳大利亚消费者合同中不公平条款的法律规制及对中国的启示

澳大利亚消费者合同不公平条款的立法,规定了不公平条款的主要认定条件,列举了消费者合同条款可能被认定为不公平的典型情况。在司法实践中,判定消费者合同条款是否不公平需要从合同的整体性进行考量,并且考察合同条款的透明度及与条款不公平性相关的其他要素。澳大利亚立法对于不公平合同条款的考察重点在于内容的实质性公平,而行为经济学对不公平条款的具体认定标准提出了新的观点。考虑到我国保护消费者与发展经济的需求,建议对格式条款进入消费者合同设置程序性与实质性双重门槛,参考澳大利亚的做法,列举不公平条款的具体情形并予以立法调整。