SECOND ORDER ASYMPTOTIC COMPARISON OF ESTIMATORS UNDER UNIVERSAL DOMINATION CRITERION

The main purpose of this paper is to formulate theories of universal optimality, in the sense that some criteria for performances of estimators are considered over a class of loss functions. It is shown that the difference of the second order terms between two estimators in any risk functions is expressed as a form which is characterized by a peculiar value associated with the loss functions, which is referred to as the loss coefficient. This means that the second order optimal problem is completely characterized by the value of the loss coefficient. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of change of the loss coefficient, the relationship between two estimators is classified into six types. On the basis of this classification, the concept of universal second order admissibility is introduced. Some sufficient conditions are given to determine whether any estimators are universally admissible or not.     

道内之反与道行之周--老庄的道之作用论

对老子庄子之道的自为生机与自动运动过程的规律性进行了探讨。本于老庄道的“无之以为用”的前提,阐释道所以能自本自根,对天地人各界事物发生创化与消解作用,全在于自身是由内在的对待之反所致,即“反者道之动”,使万有事物因“势”运行。在“逝”中“自化”,当“自化”达于相当程度即“远”时,事物便走向反面,完成道的一个周行期。人应体道以生,执道而行,与道俱适,进入周行而运化的自然而然的自由境界。     

中国古代文艺美学的泛情论倾向

中国古代文艺美学理论在明代中期以后表现出一种泛情论倾向,这同西方文艺美学理论中的泛爱论、泛性论明显不同。泛情论倾向的出现同中国文学史上重情的传统有密切关系。其理论意义和思想价值突出地反映在三个问题上,一是对人性和人的生命意识的张扬,二是对作者主体意识和主体情感的肯定,三是重视情趣的审美观念的确立。     

论哈姆雷特的艺术个性塑造

作为文艺复兴时期人文主义文学发展繁荣的代表 ,莎士比亚之所以在戏剧艺术史上具有重大的意义 ,其艺术形象的个性刻画是极为重要的原因之一。本文认为 ,哈姆雷特的艺术性格具有丰富性与复杂性。它交融着人类涵蕴丰富的历史、文化、社会及其审美心理的幽咽颤栗的诗性。而这一艺术性格所具有的真正的艺术生命、深刻的文化蕴涵和永久的艺术魅力 ,又同这一艺术典型在个性特征与普遍意蕴、内在冲突与心灵矛盾等方面的融汇统一及其艺术化的呈现和表征密切相关。     

世界现实生活基础与普世伦理

经济全球化、人类面临诸多共同问题及其自觉责任意识的觉醒,使得在全球范围内建立普世伦理有了可能性,然而将可能性转化为现实性还为期尚远,这是因为普世伦理能否形成,在认识层面上要受道德领域自身的特点所左右,在社会生活实践层面上要受现实国家利益原则及各国在国际社会中所处的地位所左右.惟有在实现国际社会的利益公平的基础上使人们的道德价值取向一致,在意识上形成全球视野,普世伦理才能真正实现.     

The construction of multi-factor crossover designs in animal husbandry studies

For ethical reasons it is important to try to obtain as much useful information as possible from an animal experiment whilst minimizing the number of animals used. Crossover designs, where applicable, provide an ideal framework for achieving this. If two or more treatment factors are included in the crossover design then the reduction in total animal usage can be considerable. In this paper we consider such designs, defined as multi-factor crossover designs. The designs are applicable when there are several different treatment factors, each at t levels, to be applied to the experimental units. The motivation for investigating these designs was a study conducted at GlaxoSmithKline to determine the preference of male and female dogs for t=5 different types of bed and t=5 different bedding conditions. A construction method is given for forming universally optimal designs for t not too large. Also given is an example for the special case where the number of treatment levels t=6.     

Robust Mechanism Design

The mechanism design literature assumes too much common knowledge of the environment among the players and planner. We relax this assumption by studying mechanism design on richer type spaces. We ask when ex post implementation is equivalent to interim (or Bayesian) implementation for all possible type spaces. The equivalence holds in the case of separable environments; examples of separable environments arise (1) when the planner is implementing a social choice function (not correspondence) and (2) in a quasilinear environment with no restrictions on transfers. The equivalence fails in general, including in some quasilinear environments with budget balance. In private value environments, ex post implementation is equivalent to dominant strategies implementation. The private value versions of our results offer new insights into the relationship between dominant strategy implementation and Bayesian implementation.     

底线公平：公平与发展相均衡的福利基点

公平与发展，既相统一，又相矛盾，其矛盾来自于种种限制条件。底线公平是在中国面临一系列限制条件下，在社会保障和社会福利建设中实现公平与发展相均衡的福利基点。依据底线公平理论，可以建立体现公平与发展相均衡的制度机制，可以形成有助于实现公平与发展相均衡的内生动力。底线公平理论在近年来社会保障和社会福利建设实践中得到了检验。     

《淮南子》论圣人的政治品格及其对当代的启示

《淮南子》中圣人的政治品格表现为：清净无为,顺道而行;修养心性,反求诸己;处静节俭,需求有度;警戒谨慎,深谋远虑;亲人爱民,造福天下;志向远大,心胸宽阔.圣人政治品格对当代的启示是：“因循应变”是治国理政的基本原则;修养心性是成功的内在要求;节俭美德永远不能丢;忧患意识是卓越的政治智慧;以民为本是长治久安的根本保证;志向远大,心胸宽阔是政治家的基本素质.     

基于基尼系数的中国居民电力消费公平性研究

为深入分析中国居民电力消费的公平性问题,计算2000-2011年中国居民电力消费的基尼系数,结果表明:全国、城乡和区域居民电力消费均已达到非常公平水平,且全国、城乡和区域居民电力消费基尼系数呈现出逐年下降的趋势.此外,由于中国各地区经济发展水平、人口规模等差异客观存在,相关部门须结合各地区的实际情况来制定电力相关政策.