浅谈民族考古学的学科特点——以审视里耶发现研究为例

考古学学科的目标是复原历史,复原过去人类社会的生活方式,阐明文化发展的进程,它以独特的学科特点在研究人类社会进程中起到了很大的作用,但考古学研究对象的残破性、偶然性、参比性本身所具有的学科特点决定了考古学学科要重构历史,必须整合相关学科的知识,开放学术视野,多角度多层面地解释资料,才能揭示社会历史真相。湘西里耶的考古发现引发了很多研究,笔者试从考古学科的特点对这一发现研究作探讨性的审视。     

论中医学的网络性思维

任继愈认为,中医哲学的科学价值主要表现在两个方面:一是以自然哲学和科学哲学丰富了中国哲学的内涵;二是通过其基本概念和范畴、特有的思维方式和表达方式,为全面把握中国哲学提供了新的视角。刘长林探讨了中医哲学的“元”创性问题,认为中医哲学的认识论从主客相融一体出发,所把握的是事物自然整体层面的规律。运用这些规律可以避免西方科学技术的缺失,并有望实现人与自然、人与社会的和谐发展。张其成将中医学的生命模型概括为“气—阴阳—五行”模型,认为这一关系性思维模式有助于揭示生命的整体性、动态性、开放性、自相似性、自组织性的本质。萧汉明指出,中医学的思维是一种网络型思维,这一具有普遍意义的思维原理,可以解决在宏观调节与总体把握复杂矛盾系统时遭遇到的困扰,进而有助于促进当代哲学的发展。     

通过科学立法促进民族交往交流交融的法理探讨

在中华民族“多元一体”背景下,加强各民族交往交流交融,是铸牢中华民族共同体意识的必然要求。而通过科学立法建立完备的法律规范体系,则是运用法治思维和法治方式,促进各民族交往交流交融的根本前提。当前我国的民族法律规范体系虽已基本建成,但仍存在一些法律原则的表达不够严谨、法律概念的界定不够准确、法律规则的内容不够明晰和完整、规范体系的结构不够完备和和谐等缺陷和不足,难以满足在政治、经济、文化、社会和生态建设中通过法治方式有效协调民族关系,促进各民族交往交流交融的需要。这就要求立法者应遵循《立法法》确定的科学立法的形式合理性和实质合理性的要求,妥善处理法律规范体系与现实需要的适应性和可执行性,由此才能为通过法治促进各民族交往交流交融奠定坚实的制度基础。从科学立法与依法立法、民主立法的关系来看,遵循依法立法,是保障法的形式合理性的前提;坚持民主立法,则是保障法的实质合理性的根基。为提升立法的科学品质,必须健全违宪审查机制、协商民主机制和立法理论形成机制,确保依法立法、民主立法原则的有效落实。     

麻黄综合研究 Ⅰ麻黄史料考证

本文对我国麻黄的名称、植物及其医药研究史料进行考证。同时，把麻黄研究历史分为前后汉时期、两晋南北朝隋唐时期、宋元金时期、明清时期、旧中国时期和新中国时期。     

构建和谐民族地区的社会保障制度建设探讨

民族地区现行社会保障制度尚不健全、覆盖面小、整体水平低、管理不规范、立法滞后,与全面建设小康社会、构建社会主义和谐社会和建设社会主义新农村的需求不相适应。构建和谐民族地区的社会保障制度,则应坚持以科学发展观为指导,坚持从各族群众迫切需要解决的领域建立健全社会保障制度,统筹社保体系完善与资本市场培育,构建社会统筹与个人账户相对独立的新型关系,建立健全社会保障基金保值增值长效机制,坚持农村与城市社会保障制度统筹建设、协调推进,进一步重视提高社会保障制度的运行效率,积极推进社会保障制度和措施的法制化。     

大学生新党员思想教育和培养工作的现状与创新研究

针对大学生新党员教育现状和培养工作的现状与创新性研究进行了科学有效的探索实践,从多方位、多角度、多层次对大学生党建工作进行了系统研究分析,把理论教育和实践教育相结合,把新党员教育和开展活动相结合,把支部建设和创新实践相结合,使大学生新党员教育培养工作更具系统性、针对性和时代性。     

Conceptualizing Childbearing Ambivalence: A Social and Dynamic Perspective

Childbearing ambivalence is often conceptualized as a state of conflicting desires about having a child that is characteristic of particular individuals or life stages. This study proposes that childbearing ambivalence is dynamic and situational, resulting from the multiple sociocultural frames surrounding childbearing. Using eight waves of prospective data from a population‐based sample of young adults in Malawi, results show that 41% of women and 48% of men are ambivalent about childbearing at some point in the 2.5‐year study. There is limited evidence that ambivalence is related to individual sociodemographic or psychosocial characteristics aside from gender; rather, ambivalence is tied to life course markers such as school enrollment and age. In addition, life course transitions and changes in relationships, health, and economic factors are associated with the onset of ambivalence, supporting the theory that ambivalence is a dynamic state that men and women frequently pass through as their lives and circumstances change.     

Toward Father‐friendly Parenting Interventions: A Qualitative Study

Levels of father participation in parenting interventions are often very low, yet little is known about the factors which influence father engagement. We aimed to qualitatively explore perceived barriers to, and preferences for, parenting interventions in a community sample of fathers. Forty‐one fathers across nine focus groups were interviewed using a semi‐structured interview. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Key barriers to father participation identified included: the perception that interventions are mother‐focused; beliefs about gender roles regarding parenting and help‐seeking; mothers’ role as ‘gatekeeper’; lack of knowledge and awareness of parenting interventions; and lack of relevance of interventions. Fathers reported preferences for specific content and intervention features, facilitator characteristics, practical factors, and highlighted the need for father‐targeted recruitment and advertising. Many of the barriers and preferences identified are consistent with previous research; however, fathers’ beliefs and attitudes around gender roles and help‐seeking, as well as the perception that interventions are predominantly mother‐focused, may be key barriers for community fathers. Strategies to overcome these barriers and better meet the needs of fathers in promoting and delivering parenting interventions are discussed.     

Unreasonable adjustments: the additional unpaid labour of academics with disabilities

Abstract

Two recent contributions to this section have drawn attention to the barriers which academics with disabilities have to navigate in academia where ableism “is endemic” (Brown and Leigh, 2018 Brown, N & Leigh, J (2018) Abelism in academia? Where are the disabled and ill academics. Disability & Society, 33 (6): 985–989.[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]: 4). Hannam-Swain (2018 Hannam-Swain, S (2018) The additional labour of a disabled PhD student. Disability & Society, 33 (1): 138–142.[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) highlighted the additional intellectual, emotional and physical labour required of her as a disabled PhD student, and Brown and Leigh (2018 Brown, N & Leigh, J (2018) Abelism in academia? Where are the disabled and ill academics. Disability & Society, 33 (6): 985–989.[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) queried “where are all the disabled and ill academics?” However, Brown and Leigh primarily focus on those with invisible “conditions” and the dilemmas raised by disclosure in a context where such conditions negate academic status and credibility. In contrast, since my “disability” is visible, I do not share the dilemma/“luxury” of secrecy. My presence announces my status before me, and this negates my personhood altogether in academic settings. It also places a burden of additional unpaid labour upon me which has significant mental health and career impacts as well as violating principles of equality.