知识产权合同中的机会主义行为及法律规制

知识产权合同具有关系合同属性.机会主义行为,特别是隐蔽机会主义行为,对于合同有效履行产生严重的阻碍作用,会导致知识财富的单向流动,产生交易成本的上升和社会财富的消耗等负面影响.交易专用性资产的投入是诱发机会主义行为的重要因素.在知识产权合同订立、变更和履行阶段的机会主义行为需要加以遏制,以促进智力成果的有效实施.     

基于城市流理论的甘肃省中心城市规模等级结构优化研究

运用城市流强度的测定方法,计算甘肃省12座地级城市的外向型功能量、城市流强度和城市流倾向度,依据各城市的城市流强度值将城镇体系规模等级结构划分为3个层次:一级中心城市为兰州,其城市流强度值最高,是省内经济集聚和扩散的中心;二级中心城市为酒泉和庆阳,其城市流强度值较低,是省内次级辐射中心;三级中心城市为平凉、定西、陇南、天水、白银、武威、金昌、张掖和嘉峪关,城市流强度值极低,是地方集聚与辐射的中心。最后,依据各城市的城市流强度结构,提出甘肃省中心城市城市流的强化对策和规模等级结构的优化建议。     

Optimal Ordering Policies for Stochastic Inventory Problems with Observed Information Delays

Information delays exist in an inventory system when it takes time to collect, process, validate, and transmit inventory/demand data. A general framework is developed in this paper to describe information flows in an inventory system with information delays. We characterize the sufficient statistics for making optimal decisions. When the ordering cost is linear, the optimality of a state‐dependent base‐stock policy is established even when information flows are allowed to cross over time. Additional insights into the problem are obtained via a comparison between our models and the models with stochastic order lead times. We also show that inventory can substitute for information and vice versa.     

文化、族群与社会:环南中国海区域研究发凡

从历史上看,错综复杂的族群交流和贸易往来使得环南中国海区域内部各地区之间的联系十分紧密,形成了多种网络关系,在此基础上生发出整体性与多样性相结合的文化特性。自现代生产体系在此区域快速扩展以来,这种网络和流动的关系又进一步加深,并日益复杂化。环南中国海的区域研究,实际上是一个抽取和剥离这种文化和社会网络的过程,也就是说,从人出发的区域问题类型化研究是此区域研究开展的基本落脚点。从华南走向环南中国海区域,就在于考察族群互动和文化交流背后建立起来的山地文明、河流文明与海洋文明之间的复杂关系。     

基于技术多样性的专利申请人与审查员的引证行为差异

近年来,专利引文越来越多地被用于技术路径研究、技术会聚、技术扩散等技术领域间的知识活动研究,但并未有效区分申请人引用和审查员引用,现有技术领域层面对申请人和审查员引用差异的对比研究还停留在较为浅显的统计层面。将技术类别间的差异性引入到申请人引用和审查员引用的对比研究中,在技术类别分布基础上,探究专利技术类别多样性视角下申请人引用和审查员引用的知识来源差异,并对其开展相关性分析。研究结果表明:专利申请人引用涉及的技术类别范围更广,而审查员引用则更集中于本技术类别;对大部分技术类别,申请人引用的技术类别多样性要高于审查员引用,但两者呈现出显著的正相关性。     

流动人口二代研究:概念、挑战与进路

人口流动对中国社会的复杂性、持续性影响,要求我们不仅要关注流动人口本身,还要关注流 动人口的子代群体,即本文所说的“流动人口二代”。 尽管既有研究提出了一些与“流动人口二代”近似 的概念,并在代际传递视角下围绕代际关系、身心健康、教育状况、职业发展、社会融入等方面开展了经验 研究,但这些研究都没有直接针对这一群体全貌展开系统考察,没有给出流动人口二代的群体画像、总体 特质,也没有对影响流动人口二代发展的社会事件与生命历程展开讨论。 鉴于此,本研究提出要着眼于 流动人口二代生命历程,聚焦流动人口二代生命历程中的健康风险、聚焦数字化场域下的流动人口二代 职业新发展、聚焦人口结构性变迁背景下的流动人口二代家庭化问题、聚焦新时代新形势下的流动人口 二代社会融入问题、聚焦新型城镇化情境下的流动人口二代政策保障,思考流动人口二代研究的总体性 框架与发展进路。     

泌阳凹陷泌301 井区不同流动单元产能分析

在沉积微相、储层物性特征分析的基础上，选取孔隙度、渗透率、流动带指数等参数，对泌阳凹陷赵凹油田泌301 井区核三段油层组进行流动单元划分。依据流动带指数的大小，将研究区目的层段划分为A、B、C、D 和E 等5 类流动单元。通过研究发现，各类流动单元与物性、岩性、沉积微相之间具有较好的对应关系，同时对不同流动单元产能进行了分析。研究结果表明，流动单元的划分能够真实客观地反映储层物性差、非均质性强的地质特点，单井产能与流动带指数有较好的乘幂关系，不同流动单元产能差异较为明显，物性最好的A 类流动单元产能最高，物性最差的E类流动单元产能最低。     

Optimization of Cascade‐Resilient Electrical Infrastructures and its Validation by Power Flow Modeling

Large‐scale outages on real‐world critical infrastructures, although infrequent, are increasingly disastrous to our society. In this article, we are primarily concerned with power transmission networks and we consider the problem of allocation of generation to distributors by rewiring links under the objectives of maximizing network resilience to cascading failure and minimizing investment costs. The combinatorial multiobjective optimization is carried out by a nondominated sorting binary differential evolution (NSBDE) algorithm. For each generators–distributors connection pattern considered in the NSBDE search, a computationally cheap, topological model of failure cascading in a complex network (named the Motter‐Lai [ML] model) is used to simulate and quantify network resilience to cascading failures initiated by targeted attacks. The results on the 400 kV French power transmission network case study show that the proposed method allows us to identify optimal patterns of generators–distributors connection that improve cascading resilience at an acceptable cost. To verify the realistic character of the results obtained by the NSBDE with the embedded ML topological model, a more realistic but also more computationally expensive model of cascading failures is adopted, based on optimal power flow (namely, the ORNL‐Pserc‐Alaska) model). The consistent results between the two models provide impetus for the use of topological, complex network theory models for analysis and optimization of large infrastructures against cascading failure with the advantages of simplicity, scalability, and low computational cost.     

Topological Performance Measures as Surrogates for Physical Flow Models for Risk and Vulnerability Analysis for Electric Power Systems

Critical infrastructure systems must be both robust and resilient in order to ensure the functioning of society. To improve the performance of such systems, we often use risk and vulnerability analysis to find and address system weaknesses. A critical component of such analyses is the ability to accurately determine the negative consequences of various types of failures in the system. Numerous mathematical and simulation models exist that can be used to this end. However, there are relatively few studies comparing the implications of using different modeling approaches in the context of comprehensive risk analysis of critical infrastructures. In this article, we suggest a classification of these models, which span from simple topologically‐oriented models to advanced physical‐flow‐based models. Here, we focus on electric power systems and present a study aimed at understanding the tradeoffs between simplicity and fidelity in models used in the context of risk analysis. Specifically, the purpose of this article is to compare performance estimates achieved with a spectrum of approaches typically used for risk and vulnerability analysis of electric power systems and evaluate if more simplified topological measures can be combined using statistical methods to be used as a surrogate for physical flow models. The results of our work provide guidance as to appropriate models or combinations of models to use when analyzing large‐scale critical infrastructure systems, where simulation times quickly become insurmountable when using more advanced models, severely limiting the extent of analyses that can be performed.     

发动机环组漏气分析

在对活塞－气缸－活塞环间隙内的气体流动及环的轴向运动进程理论分析与数值计算的基础上,分析了环与活塞结构参数,发动机运行参数诸因素对环组漏气量的影响,为验证模型和正确性,将实测漏气数据与计算结果进行了对比,两者具有很好的一致性。