论《罗马规约》规定的危害人类罪的前提要件

“广泛或有系统地对平民人口实施攻击”是危害人类罪成立的前提要件。所谓“广泛”,应从攻击行为的规模和受害人的数量两个方面来界定;所谓“有系统”,只要揭示出其“组织性”的特征即可,不能包含“政策”的要素;界定“对平民人口的攻击”时,应注意攻击与政策的关联性和攻击的持续性。在确定受害者是否为平民时,必须考虑犯罪实行时该人所处的特定境遇,而不仅仅是其身份。《罗马规约》删去了危害人类罪定义中的“武装冲突”要件,这实际上是降低了归属于国际刑事法院管辖的核心犯罪的入罪门槛,显然违背了国际刑事法院成立的宗旨,进而为粗暴地干涉一国主权留下隐患。     

国际刑事法院管辖战争罪中非国际性武装冲突

继第二次世界大战后纽伦堡和东京国际军事法庭成功审判战争罪犯后,前南斯拉夫和卢旺达国际特设刑事法庭又成功审判了非国际性武装冲突构成的战争罪。国际社会在建立国际刑事法院《罗马规约》的谈判过程中,基于规范战争和武装冲突的习惯国际法律文件和国际刑事司法实践,尝试性地将非国际性武装冲突纳入国际刑事法院管辖的战争罪,成为部分国家对《罗马规约》投反对票的理由之一。事实上,联合国安理会以及相关的国际机构依照《联合国宪章》的规定准确界定非国际性武装冲突,并严格掌握法律适用的标准及规則,非国际性武装冲突作为战争罪纳入国际刑事法院的管辖范围内不应引发更多的歧异。     

证券犯罪被害人救助制度研究 ———由“董正青案”引发的思考

基于证券犯罪被害人往往得不到有效赔偿的现实,提出证券犯罪被害人救助制度的建立,是实现法治正义和效益价值最大化的必由之路,因而证券犯罪被害人救助制度应采用证券风险保险制度模式,以确立上市公司对证券犯罪被害人的救助义务,推动上市公司治理结构和市场竞争环境的优化.鉴于此制度的公益性、补充性和有限性,对于救助资金的来源、救助程序的设计和救济渠道的畅通,尤其是检察机关在救助程序中的职能定位,提出了基本设想和思考.     

重庆建设长江上游现代物流中心的基础、思路及对策

分析了重庆现代物流中心建设的基础条件;论述了在重庆建立长江上游现代物流中心的意义;探讨了建设重庆现代物流中心的主要形式、内容和意义;提出了编制长江上游现代物流中心发展规划,设计重点园区和制定有关政策的建议和设想。     

浅析洗钱罪的犯罪构成要件

洗钱罪是1997年刑法设立的新罪名,我国刑法学者及司法工作者对此罪的理解多有分歧,针对此分歧,作出了较为详细的梳理,深刻地阐述洗钱罪的犯罪构成要件。     

A non-stationary panel data investigation of the unemployment–crime relationship

Many empirical studies of the economics of crime focus solely on the determinants thereof, and do not consider the dynamic and cross-sectional properties of their data. As a response to this, the current paper offers an in-depth analysis of this issue using data covering 21 Swedish counties from 1975 to 2010. The results suggest that the crimes considered are non-stationary, and that this cannot be attributed to county-specific disparities alone, but that there are also a small number of common stochastic trends to which groups of counties tend to revert. In an attempt to explain these common stochastic trends, we look for a long-run cointegrated relationship between unemployment and crime. Overall, the results do not support cointegration, and suggest that previous findings of a significant unemployment–crime relationship might be spurious.     

遗弃罪的立法缺陷与立法完善

就遗弃犯罪来说,在新的社会环境中,其行为的性质发生了较大变化,然而,面对这些变化,现行遗弃罪之立法规定的规制力显得捉襟见肘。故此,笔者将重点分析我国遗弃罪在立法方面所存在的缺陷与不足,并在此基础之上对其提出完善意见。     

试论假冒专利罪的犯罪客体要件

通过对假冒专利罪在刑法中的具体规定、所属类罪以及立法背景的分析,该罪的刑法条文的目的主要是保护社会公共利益,也兼而保护权利人的个人利益。据此,假冒专利罪的犯罪客体要件是复杂客体要件:其主要客体是专利标记管理制度,其次要客体是专利标记权。     

The link between unemployment and crime rate fluctuations: An analysis at the county, state, and national levels

Cantor and Land (1985) developed a theoretical model that proposed two pathways through which economic activity - as indexed by the aggregate unemployment rate - could affect the rate of criminal activity. The first is by increasing levels of criminal motivation within the population as deteriorating economic conditions affect social strain and social control; the second is by influencing the availability and vulnerability of criminal targets and thus the number of criminal opportunities. Although much empirical research has applied this theoretical model, few analyses have done so at disaggregated units of analysis. We present the most comprehensive analysis to date by empirically evaluating this model with data on 400 of the largest US counties - and examine the effects of aggregation on results as these county data are combined to the state and national levels - for the years 1978-2005. For seven Index crimes at each of the three levels of analysis, and with or without controls for structural covariates at each level, the directional effects hypothesized by Cantor and Land are found for 78 out of 84 estimated relationships. Even after taking into account the lack of statistical independence of these estimates by drawing on recently developed statistical theory, this is a very unlikely outcome. In accordance with expectations based on theory and prior research, (a) some of these relationships are weak and not statistically significant, and (b) the strongest and most consistent patterns of relationships for both the crime opportunity and crime motivation effects are found for three property crimes: burglary, larceny, and motor vehicle theft. Suggestions for further research on this topic are given.     

民俗文化的犯罪学功用

民俗文化在犯罪学中有着重要的功用。民俗文化规范文化行为、模塑文化人格、调节文化生活的功能可以遏制犯罪行为;民俗文化中的语言民俗、社会民俗、心理民俗等可以激活犯罪行为;在犯罪侦查中,利用民俗文化可以揭示涉案人的身份特征、查清涉案人的地域范围、分析涉案人的作案动机、辨析涉案人的反侦查伎俩。在犯罪防控中,应强化民俗文化的非正式社会监督功能、加强文化管理以净化文化氛围、加强民俗文化的应用研究。