城市交通中车辆择路行为实证研究

随机、时变的交通流分布,偶发的交通事故等因素导致了路径随机的车辆旅行时间,也决定了现实城市交通网络中只存在随机最短路.已有的路径选择研究大都假设人们力求选择最短路,而通过实际调查发现:人们的择路行为依赖出行情景,随出行目的、约束时间、对路径的熟悉程度以及路径的不确定程度而变化.验证了城市交通中人们在不确定环境下的择路行为也符合展望理论.     

城市发展路径研究的主要观点

自20世纪80年代以来，与整个国家快速现代化的进程相一致，我国城市呈现出加速发展的趋势。为了推进我国城市沿着科学的方向快速、稳步、健康地发展，学者们从不同的视角对中国城市发展的路径提出了各自不同的观点。文章对有代表性的观点进行了梳理，并简短地陈述了从中得到的启示。     

论新感觉派唯美-颓废视角下的城市空间

新感觉派作为30年代上海的一个具有独特风格的唯美—颓废主义流派,其作品具有浓厚的唯美、颓废特征,尤其在对城市空间的刻画上,与当时的左翼、京派作家形成明显的差异。新感觉派作家将客观的城市空间主观化、感觉化,并把自己独特的审美体验融入到对城市的体验当中,使得上海成为一个具有唯美—颓废气息的都市,生活在其中的人们也因此染上了唯美的视觉色彩和颓废的精神色彩,即使借助宗教崇高的空间、乡村淳朴的空间也无法完成对这唯美—颓废城市空间的救赎,从而陷入了毫无希望的生活幻想当中,无法自拔。     

现代化进程中古城风貌的保护与延伸

在现代化进程中古城风貌保护与延伸的理论与对策应是社会学学者所关注的一个问题。古城应在动态中进行“城市性格”保护和延伸,在宏观上分异城市功能,在微观上注重“修旧如旧”和“点、线、面”的三位一体,城市社区的建设问题可以在保护和延伸中协调解决。     

论我国城市贫困化与城市居民最低生活保障制度

最低生活保障制度作为城市社会保障体系的“最后一道安全网” ,是我国城市社会保障体系的重要一环 ,对促进经济的发展 ,维护社会的稳定起着举足轻重的作用。但是 ,我国建立城市居民最低生活保障制度的时间较晚 ,还有许多不足之处等待改进和完善     

Regional Religions?: Extending the “Semi-involuntary” Thesis of African-American Religious Participation

This research examines religious affiliation and church attendance among African-Americans in three different regions of the United States to evaluate the thesis that the Black church represents a semi-involuntary institution shaped by historical dynamics of segregation in the rural South. We extend the analyses of others who have found the rural South to have distinctive church participation patterns by examining two nationally representative data sets (the 1972–1996 General Social Surveys and the 1984 National Alcohol Study). We explore both level and type of church attendance of African-Americans, and how patterns differ by region. Further, we refine prior analyses by (1) differentiating between members of historically White and conservative churches from those in the black mainline, (2) examining racial segregation, and (3) focusing on the type of church attendance (rather than just overall level). Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and logistic regression models support the thesis that the rural South exhibits some distinctive patterns that make the semi-involuntary institution notion a useful concept, although patterns not predicted by the thesis are also found. The semi-involuntary thesis is also used to illuminate some church attendance patterns observed outside the rural South.     

Urban forest cover of the Chicago region and its relation to household density and income

Urban forests and herbaceous open space play a vital role in the environmental and aesthetic health of cities, yet they are rarely identified in land-use inventories of urban areas. To provide information on urban forests and other vegetative land cover in Illinois cities, Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data from June 27, 1988, were classified for the Chicago metropolitan region (9,717 km²). Ten land-cover classes were identified, including two types of forestland (occupying 5.8% of the total area), residential land with trees (14.6%) or without trees (7.8%), cropland (37.5%), two types of grassland (7.7%), urban with impervious surfaces (23.1%), water (1.6%), and miscellaneous vegetation (2.1%). Correlation analyses indicated that household income and household density are strongly related to land covers in the region, particularly those with tree cover and urbanized land. Population changes for 1980–1985 and 1985–2010 (projected) show a pattern of increasing density in the urbanized zone concurrent with continued urban sprawl, primarily into current cropland.     

谈城市景观建设

近十年来,伴随着我国城市化的急速发展,城市景观建设出现种种弊端。城市景观建设应坚持“古为今用,洋为中用”的原则,取其精华,弃其糟粕,结合地方特色,坚持以人为本,尊重自然,保护生态环境,创造具有地方特色的富有人性化的城市景观。     

新世纪城市交通发展态势及其影响——以南京市为例

以南京市为例 ,就决定大城市未来交通结构与模式的三种关键交通方式———小汽车、自行车、公共交通的发展前景、态势及其影响进行分析研究 ,以期为制定跨世纪的城市交通发展战略与政策提供依据     

现代城市广场的设计理念及原则

从"理性"原则层次定位角度,结合哲学、文化、历史背景及现代主义建筑和广场理论来探讨现代城市广场理论,从城市广场的历史演变中来阐述广场的规划和设计的特殊性并分析了当代城市广场理论和设计的指导原则。