Chance in Guttman scaling

In their recent paper (1977, Social Science Research, 6, 188–196), Kenny and Rubin offer an interpretation of “chance” in Guttman scaling. Their approach is based on the matrix of probabilities p_ij, giving the chance that the ith respondent passes the jth item. It is shown that their interpretation of chance in fact corresponds to a stochastic model of a perfect unidimensional scale. An alternative condition for chance based on the matrix of p_ij's is proposed. This is then proved to be equivalent to the usual interpretation.     

论侗族对水资源的利用及其生态价值——以贵州黎平黄岗村为例

贵州省黎平县双江乡黄岗村的侗族乡民，在长期的生产与生活实践中，积累了众多独具民族特色的水资源利用方式，如根据不同海拔、不同气候条件、不同土质、不同有害杂草的差异，分别采取了不同的水资源利用方式，其生态价值在于维护森林生态环境，生物多样性，特别是水稻品种的多样性，抑制水土流失，延续传统稻鱼鸭生产模式，使该侗族社区的生态环境维持了较为稳定的良性循环，还能为珠江下流地区的生态建设和可持续发展作出一定的贡献。     

心灵的创造——论新历史小说中“为人生”的文学理想

从客体对象看，新历史小说强调历史与当下的内在联系，是写与现实联系起来的过去，而不是消逝了的历史；从主体创作来看，新历史小说服从主体内心体验，忠实予好者灵魂的召唤，强调主体对客体的理解，是以历史为背景的主体心灵的创造；在新历史小说中，主体在追求自己的文学理想时，运用了独创的艺术手法。     

一站式装修管理模式的法律探析

一站式装修模式正以其自身的优越性在装修行业流行，然而作为装修行业的新生事物的出现，引发出不少制度管翠上和法律上的问题。目前很少有学者对一站式装修模式进行法理探析的，而剖析一站式装修模式带来的管理上和法律上的问题，并对一站式装修模式提出立法建议，对规范装修市场具有重大的意义。     

Media use in long-distance friendships

New media such as email and mobile phones have made it easier to maintain relationships over distances. The present paper examines which media people use to maintain long-distance friendships. The main focus lies on the comparison of email and phone. Media choice theories like media richness theory assume that media can be classified according to their richness, and that people choose the medium which fits best to the affordances of a specific task. The phone as richer medium should be preferred over email in the case of maintenance of long-distance friendships because it is easier to express emotions and to give immediate feedback via phone than via email. Email is an asynchronous medium and communication via email is therefore independent of space and time. Therefore, it can also be argued that email is preferred over the phone because it makes it easier to communicate across different work schedules or even time-zones. In two studies (Study 1 conducted in the Netherlands, Study 2 conducted in Germany) media use in long-distance friendships was measured. Across both studies, email was the most frequently used medium. In Study 1, an interesting asymmetric influence of closeness of the friendship emerged. The closer the friendship, the more emails were written in total, but the less the relative use of email. Instead, the percentage of phone calls increased. Study 2 aimed to replicate and explain this finding and assessed also the content of the phone call or emails. Whereas the intimateness of the emails did not change with increased closeness of the friendship, the intimateness of the phone calls increased with increasing closeness of the friendship. This result indicates that people use email primarily for staying in touch, whereas important personal matters are still discussed on the phone.     

中国先秦哲学党性质疑

中西方哲学原本有着不同的反思基础：欧洲是以探索知识和主客体关系为基础的求知哲学，中国早期则是以关怀道德修养和国家治理为基础的伦理哲学．故不宜把思路方向和内容各不相同的哲学用同一标准划分党派。先秦哲学，特别是孔子和老子的思想特征表明，这种哲学侧重的是人生、社会及以社会伦理为着眼点面对事物运动规律的研究。我们习惯于以唯物、唯心为判断定势，将先秦哲学家划线的做法是不适宜的。     

为生民立命和“天人合一”哲学

此文从“知命”“畏命”到“立命”等命题的演变揭示儒家“命”的思想的发展，并指出张载的“天人合一”哲学本意是强调“以人为本”，这正是其“为生民立命”思想的哲学基础，从而使这两个看似不相关连的命题有机结合，形成张载哲学的统一体。     

师范中文专业学生的素质要求

师范中文专业学生 ,应该具有过硬的语文素质、较强的师范素质、适应社会的发展素质以及较高的人文精神素质 ,以期在未来的社会中获取一席之地。     

文姜小议

春秋时齐国女子文姜因性生活问题，遭到后人多方面的贬斥.文姜出嫁鲁国后，鲁国在齐鲁争强中逐渐失势，文姜数度以国君之礼与齐国国君会晤，协调齐鲁关系，增强了鲁国的实力和地位，但史家们却未给予应有的评价.本文认为，文姜不失为古代一位颇有才能的女外交家，不应以瑕掩瑜.     

产蛋鸡饲粮中添加磷脂的效果试验

选用罗曼褐壳蛋鸡152只．随机分成4组，基础饲报中添加0．5％、10％和1．5％磷脂为试验组，试验期30d。试验结果表明：各组间平均蛋重天显著性差异（P＞0．05）；添加1．5％磷脂的试验Ⅲ组在产蛋数、产蛋率方面均极显著高于对照组和其他试验组（P＜0．01）：试验Ⅲ组的料蛋比显著低于其他组，但蛋破损率较高。