Opting Back In: The Influence of Time at Home on Professional Women's Career Redirection after Opting Out

Limited research on professional women's labour force re‐entry after a career break (so‐called ‘opting out’) finds that women redirect away from former careers. Little is known about why this occurs. Our study, based on in‐depth interviews with 54 at‐home mothers, extends prior research to address this question. We find that among women who intended to return to work (who constitute the majority), most planned to pursue alternative careers, typically in traditionally female‐dominated professions or were uncertain about their career direction; few planned to return to their former employers. The reasons for this redirection were women's negative experiences in family inflexible occupations, skill depreciation and perceived age discrimination. Equally or more important, however, was their adaptation to new constraints and opportunities at home (such as increased involvement in mothering and community work), which engendered an aspirational shift towards new, care‐oriented professions that were lower paid and had lower status. We discuss the policy implications of these findings.     

我国库区移民方式及其启示

库区移民即广义的库区人力资源迁移 ,是水库兴筑伴生的社会现象 ,对于大中型水库库区来讲 ,带有普遍性。本文在对库区进行调研的基础上 ,以典型库区为例 ,探讨了库区移民的方式并获得了某些有益的启示     

革命者立场上的反思与批判——茅盾、郑振铎和瞿秋白的侠文化批评话语再审视

茅盾、郑振铎和瞿秋白站在革命者的立场上,从思想革命、政治革命和民族救亡的现实利益出发,以现代知识分子的精英意识,对侠文化和武侠小说及人们对其迷恋中所反映出来的国民性或民族性展开文化反思;为了现实斗争的需要,从思想倾向上对侠文化和武侠小说进行彻底批判乃至完全否定。他们的侠文化批评话语带有鲜明的政治功利色彩,也深深地打上了时代的、阶级的烙印。在当时的历史文化语境下,这种批评话语具有历史的合理性与时代的进步意义,但对其局限性也必须保持清醒的认识。     

Improving interim decisions in randomized trials by exploiting information on short‐term endpoints and prognostic baseline covariates

Conditional power calculations are frequently used to guide the decision whether or not to stop a trial for futility or to modify planned sample size. These ignore the information in short‐term endpoints and baseline covariates, and thereby do not make fully efficient use of the information in the data. We therefore propose an interim decision procedure based on the conditional power approach which exploits the information contained in baseline covariates and short‐term endpoints. We will realize this by considering the estimation of the treatment effect at the interim analysis as a missing data problem. This problem is addressed by employing specific prediction models for the long‐term endpoint which enable the incorporation of baseline covariates and multiple short‐term endpoints. We show that the proposed procedure leads to an efficiency gain and a reduced sample size, without compromising the Type I error rate of the procedure, even when the adopted prediction models are misspecified. In particular, implementing our proposal in the conditional power approach enables earlier decisions relative to standard approaches, whilst controlling the probability of an incorrect decision. This time gain results in a lower expected number of recruited patients in case of stopping for futility, such that fewer patients receive the futile regimen. We explain how these methods can be used in adaptive designs with unblinded sample size re‐assessment based on the inverse normal P‐value combination method to control Type I error. We support the proposal by Monte Carlo simulations based on data from a real clinical trial.     

中小企业信用担保体系的优化研究

针对中小企业信用担保体系不完善的现状,分析了信用担保机构资产规模小、结构失衡、实力较弱;高水平的专业人才缺乏;政府不适当的干预以及相关的法律法规缺失等原因。提出了应建立健全风险防范与补偿机制,优化中小企业信用担保体系的观点。指出应在宏观上优化政策性担保体系,完善相应的法律法规,并成立"担保业监管委员会",以加强对信用担保业的监督管理。对于担保机构而言,应科学合理地划分融资担保参与方的风险分担责任,建立有效的风险补偿分散和转移机制,并不断完善担保机构内部控制制度。     

Michael White as Teacher,Mentor Friend: Considering Claims of Guru‐ism

A reflection written on the 20th anniversary of the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy and around the first anniversary of the death of its first editor and respected Narrative therapist, author and theorist Michael White. This article reviews the influence of Michael White on the work and life of the author. In this reflection, it reviews some of the significant features of Michael White's teaching, which allows a consideration of claims of ‘guru‐ism’ occasionally related to Michael White's work.     

从信息论角度谈汉字的认知

从信息论角度来说 ,汉字在构造和序列这两个认知层次上都有较高的信息冗馀度 ,因而 :其单字易于复认 ,这既表现为单字笔画或部件的可有可无、可此可彼、可整可零 ,又表现为单字之间的形体区别性大 ;其单字序列易于扫读 ,这既表现为单字的可预测和可逆推 ,又表现为单字的易于复认。较之拼音文字 ,汉字表现出一定的易于认知的特点     

试论清代乾嘉诸子学兴起的文化意义

诸子学研究的兴起,是清代乾嘉时期学术界中的重要动向。乾嘉诸子学研究包含了对中国传统思想文化进行 重新评价和学统重建的意图,具有了“近代指向”的文化意义。诸子学在晚清的复兴也是在前者的基础上展开的。     

泰尼埃的结构句法理论

本文从泰尼埃1959年的著作出发,讨论了图式、配价、依存关系等构成结构句法的基本成分,并且从语言信息处理的角度,探讨了泰尼埃结构句法的形式化问题.泰尼埃的"结构句法"是一种面向分析和理解的语言理论,是一种语义驱动的功能句法理论,是一种基于虚图句式的理论,在计算语言学和语言教学等领域得到了广泛应用.     

青海西羌部落衰败原因探析

青海西羌部落之所以衰败,究其原因在于:恶劣的地理环境导致经济落后,进而影响其社会自然进程的发展。同时,外来势力的介入导致羌人被屠杀和被肢解的历史命运。