《汉书》所见辞书未收词语续释

本文为《<汉书>所见辞书未收词语考释》之续篇,考释《汉书》词语46个。这些词语绝大多数既未被《辞海》、《辞源》(修订本)、《汉语大词典》等普通大、中型语文辞书所收录,也不见于仓修良主编的《汉书辞典》。只有个别词语虽被《汉语大词典》立为条目,但要么其书证远后于《汉书》,要么没有收录该词在《汉书》中的意义。     

Polynomial Factorization for Servers with Semi-Markovian Workload: Performance and Numerical Aspects of a Verified Solution Technique

Abstract

We investigate polynomial factorization as a classical analysis method for servers with semi-Markov arrival and service processes. The modeling approach is directly applicable to queueing systems and servers in production lines and telecommunication networks, where the flexibility in adaptation to autocorrelated processes is essential.

Although the method offers a compact form of the solution with favourable computation time complexity enabling to consider large state spaces and system equations of high degree, numerical stability is not guaranteed for this approach. Therefore we apply interval arithmetic in order to get verified results for the workload distributions, or otherwise to indicate that the precision of the computation has to be improved. The paper gives an overview of numerical and performance aspects of factorization in comparison to alternative methods.     

浅议分析性复核在审计中的应用

分析性复核 ,是指注册会计师分析被审计单位重要的比率或趋势。在会计报表审计中 ,分析性复核可以帮助注册会计师确定其他审计程序的性质、时间及范围 ,直接作为实质性测试程序和用于对被审计会计报表的整体合理性作最后复核的作用。文章分析了分析性复核的优点 ,提出了如何运用分析性复核的建议     

Optimal Contracts when Enforcement is a Decision Variable

This paper analyzes choice‐theoretic costly enforcement in an intertemporal contracting model with a differentially informed investor and entrepreneur. An intertemporal contract is modeled as a mechanism in which there is limited commitment to payment and enforcement decisions. The goal of the analysis is to characterize the effect of choice‐theoretic costly enforcement on the structure of optimal contracts. The paper shows that simple debt is the optimal contract when commitment is limited and costly enforcement is a decision variable (Theorem 1). In contrast, stochastic contracts are optimal when agents can commit to the ex‐ante optimal decisions (Theorem 2). The paper also shows that the costly state verification model can be viewed as a reduced form of an enforcement model in which agents choose payments and strategies as part of a perfect Bayesian Nash equilibrium.     

读《白话小说语言词典》札记

《白话小说语言词典》是一部高质量的古代白话小说语言词典,但也存在着一些疏误。本文就其中若干条目释义、立目等问题提出商榷,希望对该词典的修订和白话小说语言研究有所助益。     

Verification bias on sensitivity and specificity measurements in diagnostic medicine: a comparison of some approaches used for correction

Verification bias may occur when the test results of not all subjects are verified by using a gold standard. The correction for this bias can be made using different approaches depending on whether missing gold standard test results are random or not. Some of these approaches with binary test and gold standard results include the correction method by Begg and Greenes, lower and upper limits for diagnostic measurements by Zhou, logistic regression method, multiple imputation method, and neural networks. In this study, all these approaches are compared by employing a real and simulated data under different conditions.     

证伪主义也讲证实吗？——以科学理论发展问题为例

在证实与证伪关系上,一般认为两者只有相互对立而无统一性。文章却认为两者有统一性,证伪主义也讲证实,但又与逻辑经验主义的不完全等同,而这在科学理论发展观上有很好体现。     

我国不同付费模式信用评级校验机制研究

我国债券市场刚性兑付被打破后,不断出现高评级债券违约事件。为此,监管部门积极发展多种评级,以期提高债券评级质量。通过理论建模与实证分析,研究了不同付费模式信用评级如何综合发挥校验作用。基于博弈模型的理论分析发现,不同付费模式评级发挥校验作用的机制在于投资者的反应:当投资者付费和发行人付费两种模式评级差值增大,投资者不以单一评级结果进行债券定价,而是根据评级差值调整债券价格。基于2011—2020年企业债评级数据的经验证据显示,随着评级差值增大,发行人付费评级机构会降低后续评级,且评级差值对单一信用评级与债券信用利差之间的负向关系具有抑制作用。进一步检验发现,发行人付费评级机构提供的偏正面的私有信息会降低债券信用利差,而以中债资信为代表的投资者付费评级机构提供的私有信息则不会显著影响债券信用利差,均体现出单一评级模式在定价方面的弊端。因此,监管部门应继续鼓励发展投资者付费评级模式,并鼓励机构投资者发展内部评级,以充分发挥多种评级模式的交叉校验作用。     

小说与历史的互证——以《假虎威古玩流殃，奋鹰击书生仗义》为例

明朝成化年间,王臣在苏州索括书画、古玩,引起了秀才的抗议活动,这在史学典籍和小说中都有记载。值得注意的是,由于地位立场、关注角度和操作方式的不同,两者在记述上呈现出不同的侧重,从而使小说对此事件的记载有弥补史学典籍不足之作用。本文的研究表明,小说虽有虚构成分,但如果采用合适的运用方式,小说也是很好的史料。