期货合约的关键因素分析

利用波尔森(Brorsen)等研究期货合约成功与失败的模型和数据,对其影响因素间的关系及影响程度等在研究中没有涉及的相关问题进行了更深入的探讨。结果如下:现货市场活跃性是期货市场存在的关键;垂直一体化和买方集中度是影响标的商品生命周期的两个不可忽视的决定因素,两者高度相关,均与期货交易量和持仓量高度负相关;随着市场向高等级形态的发展,两者的提高将使期货市场活跃度降低。     

纵向一体化理论与我国国有企业的纵向分解

运用产业组织理论探讨企业纵向一体化的原因,进而在分析计划经济体制下形成的我国国有企业的低级纵向一体化格局的基础上,指出国有企业进行纵向分解的必然性。     

Price Versus Quantity: Market-Clearing Mechanisms When Consumers are Uncertain about Quality

High-quality producers in a market where quality varies can reap superior profits by charging higher prices, selling greater quantities, or both. Empirical analyses of the mutual fund and automobile industries show that high-quality producers sell more units than their low-quality competitors, but at no higher price (or retail markup) per unit. Our theoretical models find that if qualities are known by consumers and production costs are constant, then having a higher quality secures the producer both higher price and higher quantity. The market may clear in a different fashion if there is "quality uncertainty"; that is, if some consumers can discern quality but others cannot. Then, high- and low-quality producers may end up setting a common price, which allows the high-quality producer to sell substantially more. In this context, quality begets quantity.     

Pricing and Replenishment of Competing Perishable Product Variants under Dynamic Demand Substitution

I consider pricing and ordering decisions faced by a retailer selling a perishable product with a two‐period shelf life over an infinite horizon. In the first period, the product is “new”; in the next, it becomes “old.” The new product is perceived by customers to have a higher quality than the old product. Every period, the retailer makes three decisions: prices for the new and old products and how much new product to order. I first show, with some simple cases, that demand uncertainty can make the sale of the old product profitable. I then consider a more realistic case with dynamic demand substitution among customers. I recognize that the retailer's decisions may be constant or may vary across different periods, under different contexts. For instance, varying the price of the new product can sometimes be difficult due to the negative impact it generates among customers. I find that (i) the benefit obtained from selling the old product with constant decisions is much higher than the benefit from allowing all the decisions to vary; (ii) the former benefit increases with a higher procurement cost, a higher quality of the new product, and higher demand volatility; however, the latter benefit is non‐monotone in these parameters; (iii) most of the latter benefit can be obtained by just changing the order quantity; and (iv) as the inventory of the old product increases, when all the decisions vary, the optimal price of the new product may increase or decrease.     

三峡库区变动回水区架空直立式码头结构形式研究

从三峡库区变动回水区特殊的地形地质及水文条件出发,以寸滩港三期拟建工程为实例,通过对结构形式特点比较、施工方法论述及合理施工水位确定等要素的分析,对架空直立式码头结构进行排架跨度、基桩桩径优化设计,提出了适应于三峡库区变动回水区的大桩径、大跨度架空直立式码头结构形式,比传统的码头结构工程量减少、工程造价降低,并解决了三峡成库后低水位施工期短的难题。此研究成果可为库区码头建设提供良好的技术支持,具有一定的参考价值。     

横纵结合:大学学科自立标准的再考量与选择

伴随着跨学科活动的流行,许多新兴学科顺势而生,丰富了学科大家族的成员。当然,一门新兴学科要得到社会的承认,必须有科学的论据,要做科学的分析和理性的论证。虽然,许多学者对学科标准做出了诸多研究,并构建了一定的衡量标准,但是现有标准更像是衡量"一门学科是否成熟的标准",而不是"一门学科是否自立的标准",对于新兴学科有"量刑过重"的嫌疑。因此,在对前人研究成果的考察和反思的基础上,学科自立标准需要横纵相交,动静结合,从而更好地评估"一门学科是否自立"。     

权力制约模式研究

权力制约是民主制度的重要原则。古今中外的政治体制产生了各种各样的权力制约方式,不同的方式在不同的政治背景下发挥的作用不同,但总的结论是“对权力的制约力量来自此种权力之外的权力”。这种“权力之外的权力”可以来自纵、横两个方向。历史实践证明,纵向权力制约虽然具有局部的有效性,但从整个政治架构来看却容易导致集权,从而失去权力制约的终极功效;横向权力制约在人类民主进程中发挥了重大作用,但这种制约必须坚持对等对抗性、利益监督性、坚持法治等原则才能实现其有效性。     

基于轨道式设计的波浪能发电性能研究

论文对浮球式轨道式波浪能发电装置的原理进行了阐述,实验设计两种不同结构双弹簧对立式和一拉一簧式轨道式发电装置进行详细的对比,对其发电量的大小在同一测试平台进行了数据分析,同时对实验的深入研究进行了展望和讨论,拓展了该装置的应用领域．     

高标准基本农田建设政策对粮食产能的影响

高标准基本农田建设既是国家制度安排,也是一种技术革新,体现在要素上的技术进步是高标准基本农田建设的本质。构建“制度+技术——粮食产能”的理论分析框架,采用连续型DID模型分析高标准基本农田建设政策实施对粮食产能的影响及作用机制。研究发现：其一,实施高标准基本农田建设政策显著提升了粮食产能,并且通过一系列稳健性检验结果依然显著。其二,异质性分析表明,相对于粮食主产区和平原地区,高标准基本农田建设政策实施对非粮食主产区和山地地区的粮食产能提升具有更高的边际贡献;政策实施对粮食数量和粮食质量均有提升作用,对粮食质量促进效果更明显;政策实施促进粮食主产区的粮食数量增加和非粮食主产区的粮食质量提升以及促进平原地区的粮食数量增加和山地地区的粮食数量、粮食质量双提升。其三,机制分析表明,高标准基本农田建设政策实施通过优化生产要素配置和促进农业规模经营从而提升粮食产能。     

Changing methods of disclosure. Literature review of disclosure to children with terminal illnesses,including HIV

More than 30 years after the first discovery of the deadly HIV virus, and in the wake of increased knowledge of transmission, treatment and behavioral intervention development, parents are still faced with the difficult task of whether, when and how to inform their child about her or his HIV status. Except for some general ethical considerations, there are no national or international guidelines available for handling HIV status disclosure to a child by parents and health professionals. Most studies on disclosure address the problem of stigma and the barriers to disclosure of HIV-positive status by adults to their sexual partners, caretakers, families and communities, but very few studies focus on disclosure to HIV-positive children. The majority of the studies that address disclosure to children limit themselves to stipulating reasons for barriers to such disclosure instead of the skills and knowledge necessary for effective disclosure to a child. Increasing availability of therapy for HIV across the world presses the issue of disclosure to the child. Even so, disclosure for children who are HIV-positive due to vertical transmission continues to be very difficult. There is a lack of interventions that consider guidelines for healthcare professionals, parents or persons involved with taking care of HIV-positive children. These interventions should be designed in an understanding manner towards the culture where they might be implemented and be as appropriate in the view of integrating different family structures and the child's development.