社区营造视角下乡村旅游高质量发展路径研究 ——以福建平潭北港村为例

乡村振兴战略实施背景下乡村旅游高质量发展是乡村旅游转型升级和可持续发展的必然要求,社区营造在于激发乡村社区主体活力和内生动力,促进社区价值的实现和社区福祉的提升。应用社区营造解决乡村旅游发展中社区行动主体不到位、社区参与不充分、社区增权不均衡等问题,拓展乡村旅游内容的深度和厚度,形成优选社区参与的乡村旅游发展新模式与新机制,完善基于互益共同体的旅游社区治理体系,打造内引外聚的乡村旅游内容创新平台等乡村旅游高质量发展可行性路径。     

Autonomy,spontaneity and creativity in research with children. A study of experience and participation,in central Italy and North West England

ABSTRACT

Research involving children, deemed to have difficulties with conventional means of communication, can perpetuate reductive forms of representation of children’s knowledges and experiences. This article focuses on the possibilities and opportunities that visual and creative methods can offer to researching with children. Children advance their views in and through spontaneous and concrete forms of participation. Autonomy in aesthetic acts is central to this methodology; to explore practices that produce and reproduce presuppositions deriving from societal attitudes affecting research with children, their agency and self-presentation. This cross-cultural study was conducted in Central Italy and North West England: children contributed their perspectives and experiences through participation in a series of creative encounters resulting in aesthetic and embodied outcomes of sociological and educational significance. The study contributes to the debate on children’s autonomy and the value and quality of participation through artistic practice. Examples from the corpus of data, which includes a series of artefacts and over 900 photographs from each geo-cultural context, are presented. The study shows that it is possible to harmonise power imbalances in spaces of creative freedom, in research and education, where children’s choices and agency are respected.     

Bargaining for Success: Examining the Relationship Between Teacher Unions and Student Achievement

While many previous studies have identified a positive relationship between teachers unions and student achievement on standardized tests, little research to date has explored the channels through which unions might actually affect achievement. Utilizing multilevel random intercept models, we examine the effects of two categories of items commonly negotiated in teacher contracts—“industrial union” items and “professional union” items—on individual student math scores. Further, we assess the ability of these two clusters of variables to explain the positive union effect found in previous research. The results confirm that teachers unions are positively associated with student achievement and suggest that the industrial model explains moderately more of the union effect than the professional model; however, only the combination of both models is capable of reducing the union effect to nonsignificance. These findings are also confirmed in a supplemental analysis utilizing instrumental variables to account for the possibility of endogeneity. Finally, a decomposition of the union effect suggests that teachers unions are most beneficial to middle‐ and high‐achieving students. We conclude that through industrial and professional bargaining, teachers are able to secure higher salaries, credentialing, and greater autonomy which lead to improved student achievement.     

Sikh ethnonationalism and militancy: manifestation and prognosis

ABSTRACT

The study primarily answers the question that whether the movement of Sikh ethnonationalism had been defeated permanently during 1990s or whether it still persists? The study perceives that the movement of Sikh ethnonationalism cannot end till the core pivotal ethnic issues, the moving force of the movement are prevailing. The study eventually predicts that the movement will sooner or later rejuvenate from its previous stage, i.e. militancy, as the sociopolitical circumstances of Punjab have been nourishing microclimate for resurgence of the same. In typical political scenario, the moderate outfit of Sikhs is eager to stimulate the ethnic-regional issues of the Sikhs while the radical factions are also observant to ignite the clinkering Sikh ethnic issues once again. Contrarily, the political aspirations of the BJP controlled by the RSS are opposite to the ethno-political demands of the Sikhs. This contradiction, if aroused systematically, has the potential to rekindle the old spark of militant movement.     

“通知—删除”规则在电子商务专利侵权中的适用——兼论《民法典》第1195条

随着电子商务的蓬勃发展，“通知—删除”规则在有效制止电子商务专利侵权中具有重要作用。我国在21世纪初引进“通知—删除”规则，逐步构建了适用于电子商务领域专利侵权的“通知—删除”规则。《民法典》正式施行以来，“通知—删除”规则在适用于电子商务专利侵权中暴露出诸多问题：存在规则滥用隐患，权利人与商家利益失衡，通知与反通知的审核标准难以一致，因错误通知造成商家损失难以恢复，等等。解决好这些问题，需从专利侵权的特殊性出发，贴合《民法典》第1195条的规定，遵循“通知—删除”规则的立法目的进行解释适用；应重视和探索电子商务平台的自治能力，推动“通知—删除”规则在电子商务专利侵权中的解释适用。     

Individual rights and collective obligation. Compulsory intervention towards substance abusers in Norwegian social law

This article focuses on an important duality in the modern welfare state: the will to help our fellow citizens through institutionalized welfare policies, and the danger of violating individual liberty and integrity. Individual rights of self-determination and integrity are important values of the liberal constitutional government (the Rechtstaat). Our collective ethical obligation to help those in need is an important value of the welfare state. With respect to compulsory intervention towards adult and under-age substance abusers, the possible tensions between these values are particularly visible. The legal foundation for such efforts in Norwegian social law is discussed with regard to different ethical and moral principles. The main questions are how compulsory interventions are justified and how different principles are weighted in positive law. The ethical principles of collective obligation and the moral principle of individual rights are differently balanced in the Child Care Service Act and the Social Service Act. Both acts, however, expose the problematic combination of solving social problems by the use of force and securing individual autonomy and integrity.     

民族自治地方资本形成问题探讨

民族自治地方经济发展滞后的原因是多方面的,但关键的原因是资本形成不足。本文通过详实的资料比较了民族自治地方资本形成的历史和现实状况,分析了资本形成不足对经济发展的约束。在此基础上,本文还探讨了资本形成不足的制度背景和原因,提出了加速资本形成、促进民族自治地方经济快速发展的对策思路。     

和谐视角的农村社区建设与村民自治

当下村民自治因较多依赖国家供给,忽视了农村内生秩序,从而产生诸多困境。为走出困境,应“唤醒”农村自治元素,整合农村自治资源。推动农村内生机制的构建,并以此重构农村内生秩序。农村社区建设是一条可承载建构农村内生秩序的路径。它所着力建构的“社会生活共同体”,一方面旨在培育国家制度供给在农村实施的土壤,另一方面则契合了村民自治由内向外、外力辅助的发展规律,可为村民自治奠定厚实的社会基础。顺应上述思路,农村社区建设须关注两个方面：一是由组织农民向农民自我组织转变,二是要重新认识基层政府在农村社区建设中的定位及村民自治组织基本职能的转变。如此,才能走出传统国家供给的误区,与村民自治协调共进。     

高校落实专业设置自主权的现状与问题——基于湖南省的调查分析

近年来,我国高校在落实专业设置自主权方面取得了明显的进展,但也存在严重的问题,影响到办学水平的持续提升。为更好地落实高校专业设置自主权,政府部门应进一步转变管理大学的方式,加强专业评估与信息公开等制度建设,引导高校完善内部治理结构,从整体上推进高校办学自主权。     

视听说背景下师生自主联动的模式构建

自主是语言研究中的一个核心话题。自主的培养既要考虑文化背景的差异和适宜的外部环境,还需要师生角色的转换和权力的再分配。对此,笔者提出了视听说背景下”制定学习大纲＋课后拓展＋合作学习＋课上展示”的自主学习模式。在此模式下,学习者是学习的主体,教师是学习的促进者和学习建议的提供者。