四川藏区精准扶贫实效调查研究

精准扶贫是促进四川藏区社会经济发展的重要举措,是实现社会公平正义的有效路径.本文通过对四川藏区致贫因素、典型贫困案例和扶贫措施的调查研究,肯定了四川藏区精准扶贫宏观策略和精准扶贫工作取得的成绩,分析了四川藏区精准扶贫过程中仍存在的问题,提出了改善四川藏区精准扶贫工作的建议:即政府向社会购买扶贫服务;建立贫困户综合性识别标准;建立"特困户+整体受益"优先模式;谨慎规定贫困户的优先身份;正确处理社会救助和贫困户扶持之间的关系;解决精准扶贫地方性规范自身的合法性问题.     

Doing hot and ‘dirty’ work: Masculinities and occupational identity in firefighting

Within industrial societies, firefighters are often sexualized, celebrated and elevated as respectable working‐class heroes. Drawing from fieldwork and interviews with 33 men currently employed in an Australian metropolitan fire service, I explore the making of masculinities across four stations. Utilizing Beverly Skeggs’ social exchange theory and Mary Douglas’ theory of risk and analysis of pollution, this article argues that men attempt to construct respectable masculinities, in an effort to protect their self‐image as the heroes of contemporary society. Exploring issues surrounding morality and physicality, the findings suggest that firefighters consciously distance themselves from potential sites of pollution, which include avoiding stigmatized stations. This article extends gender theory by showing how working‐class men distinguish from each other through intra‐age distinction in order to construct respectable working‐class masculinities.     

Critical standpoint: Leaders of color advancing racial equality in predominantly white organizations

Organizations are often core sites for the production and perpetuation of social inequality. Although the United States is becoming more racially diverse, organizational elites remain disproportionately white, and this mismatch contributes to increasing racial inequality. This article examines whether and how leaders of color within predominantly white organizations can help their organizations address racial inequality. Our analysis uses data from a national study of politically oriented civic organizations and ethnographic fieldwork within one predominantly white organization. We draw on institutional work research, the outsider‐within concept, and insights from critical whiteness theory to explain how leaders of color can use their position and “critical standpoint” to help guide their organization toward advancing racial equality. The qualitative analysis shows how such leaders, when empowered, help their organization address race internally by (a) providing alternatives to white‐dominated perspectives, (b) developing tools to educate white members about racial inequality, and (c) identifying and addressing barriers to becoming a more racially diverse organization. The qualitative analysis also shows how leaders of color help their organization address race externally by (a) sharing personal narratives about living in a white‐dominated society and (b) brokering collaborations with organizations led by people of color. This research has implications for organizations seeking to promote social equality: Organizational leaders from marginalized status groups can help their organizations address social inequality, if those leaders possess a critical standpoint and sufficient organizational authority.     

Factors limiting SGM youths’ involvement in nonmetropolitan SGM community organizations

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) youths face risks due to growing up with stigmatized identities. SGM organizations minimize these risks by reducing isolation, promoting positive identity development, and providing access to supportive resources. However, nonmetropolitan SGM youths may have high risks with low access to SGM organizations. Little research has been conducted on nonmetropolitan SGM organizations. This study utilized in-depth interviews and open-ended survey items to explore the factors limiting SGM youths’ involvement in nonmetropolitan SGM organizations. Findings revealed three factors limiting involvement: accessibility, utility, and stigma. Implications for future research and practice with SGM youths are discussed.     

“三权分置”制度下农村大学生土地权益保障研究

因户口、职业、经常居住地非农化以及集体义务难以履行等原因,农村大学生的集体经济组织成员权受到质疑甚至否定,导致其土地权益易被侵害。调查结果表明,在“两权分离”制度下,农村女大学生上大学前未分得承包地的比例高于男大学生,农村男大学生上大学后土地权益受侵害与户口迁移正相关,农村女大学生上大学后土地权益受侵害与年龄正相关,经济较发达地区的农村大学生土地权益受侵害的可能性较高。在“三权分置”制度下,应明确在校农村大学生的“集体经济组织成员”身份和“农户家庭成员”身份,即在校农村大学生应与其他村民平等地享有分得承包地的权利、平等地享有土地承包经营权的各种收益,并与其他家庭成员平等地享有承包土地的各项权益;在承包期内(包括延长期),无论农村大学生的身份怎样变化,只要其还是中华人民共和国公民,发包方都不能强制收回其土地承包经营权;同时,要“确地到人、确权到人”,切实保障农村大学生流转土地经营权后获得应有收益,并充分保障上大学前未分得承包地的农村大学生的合法土地权益。     

民族地区工科院校学生英语自主学习障碍分析

通过对广西工学院非英语专业大学生的问卷调查,总结分析了少数民族地区工科院校大学生英语自主学习的障碍问题,并在此基础上探讨了克服障碍、培养其自主学习能力的方法和策略,以期探索出有自己特色的教学模式。     

《孙子兵法》中的组织行为学原理

组织行为学作为一门系统的科学虽然产生于20世纪中叶的美国,但中国两千多年前的《孙子兵法》中,已蕴涵了丰富的姐织行为学原理,如对军事组织群体的心理变化趋势,群体的凝聚力与士气,领导者的心理与行为等,都有精辟论述。这是《孙子兵法》在国内外被广泛应用于现代管理的重要原因之一,认真提炼、总结《孙子兵法》中的组织行为学的精华,可以更好地为现代管理提供借鉴。     

从自组织理论看社会的可持续发展

按照自组织理论,社会作为一个自组织系统,应在与自然之间相互开放的共生关系中求得其可持续发展;在平衡——非平衡——平衡的动态过程中保持其可持续发展;在竞争与协同的对立统一中促进其可持续发展;在涨与落的宏观效应中加速其可持续发展;在社会系统内部诸要素之间的非线性相互作用中实现其可持续发展。     

论民族自治地方的变通权

民族自治地方的变通权依据变通的对象不同可以分为法律、行政法规的变通权和决议、决定、命令、指示变通权。法律、行政法规变通权主体规定不尽合理、审批机关规定有违宪法和法理,决议、决定、命令、指示变通权审批权限不明、争议解决机制空缺、审批时限不够科学、不同区域民族自治地方没有分别规定变通权限和民族乡变通权限不明等立法缺陷和变通权行使不充分等实践中的不足,建议统一法律、行政法规变通权主体和审批机关,并设立决议、决定、命令、指示变通权审批细则,廓清不同区域民族自治机关和民族乡的变通权限。把民族乡纳入民族自治地方范畴。     

论党务公开的组织维度和社会维度

党务公开存在着组织和社会两个维度。党务公开的组织维度是党组织对党员所承担的保障、维护和促进党员知情权利的正当有序使用之责任。党务公开的社会维度是保障、维护公众对党的事务的知情权,自觉接受公众对党务活动的监督,充分吸收公民大众对党的事务的关切和建议,把党的生命扎根于社会各阶层公民的充分信任之土壤中。