《吉姆老爷》中康拉德的英雄情结对主人公命运的影响

《吉姆老爷》是康拉德最为出色的作品之一。自出版以来褒贬不一,尤其小说中的主人公吉姆更是成为人们竟相评论的对象。吉姆究竟是否可以称为英雄,各家各有评说,但是在康拉德创作《吉姆老爷》的过程中,他的英雄情结始终左右着主人公吉姆的命运。小说中康拉德对场面描写的刻意安排以及小说的外部形式,都以把吉姆塑造成一个悲剧式英雄为目的。康拉德的英雄情结在暗中指引着他把吉姆推向死亡,并在死亡中给我们展示了一个悲剧英雄。     

“满意化”和“适应性”:西蒙有限理性思想探析

本文将从西蒙对有限理性认识的几个重要阶段入手,考察有限理性在西蒙学术生涯中的历史呈现形态,进而解析西蒙有限理性思想的完整含义。本文的基本结论:满意化和适应性是西蒙有限理性思想不可或缺的两个方面。     

旅游景区形象对游客满意与游客忠诚的影响研究

旅游景区形象研究正成为旅游景区营销领域的热门话题之一。本研究提出了旅游景区形象五维度测量模型,并建立了旅游景区形象对游客满意与游客忠诚的影响机制模型。数据研究表明:⑴笔者开发的旅游景区形象量表具有良好的信度、组合信度、收敛效度、整体拟合度;⑵旅游景区形象各维度对游客满意与游客忠诚存在不同的影响效应。本研究对于开展旅游景区形象管理具有重要启示。     

民营企业职工工作满意度现状与对策

在对 15家民营企业调查的基础上 ,分析了民营企业职工工作满意度的现状 ,概括总结并从理论上分析了影响民营企业职工工作满意度的原因 ,提出了提高民营企业职工工作满意度的措施和对策     

转型期中国城中村改造当中的关键问题分析——以西安市为例

以西安市两个典型城中村改造项目为例,研究分析了邻里关系、居民在城改项目中的参与度、以及居民对城改项目的满意度等关键问题的相关性,并探讨了影响这几方面问题的主要影响因素.基于研究结果,对我国城中村改造实践提出若干策略性建议和意见,这对转型期中国城中村改造的理论研究和实践具有重要借鉴意义.     

媒介使用与政府环境治理绩效的公众满意度——基于全国代表性数据的实证研究

媒介使用在环境治理中所发挥的作用正日益受到学界的关注。基于中国综合社会调查2013年（CGSS2013）的数据,使用Ordered Probit回归建立模型,分析不同类型的媒介使用对于政府环境治理绩效的公众满意度的影响。研究结果表明,在控制其他变量的影响后,在中央政府和地方政府两个层面,传统媒介（报纸、杂志、广播、电视）使用对政府环境治理绩效的公众满意度均具有显著的正向效应,新媒介（互联网和手机）使用对政府环境治理绩效的公众满意度均具有显著的负向效应。在中央政府层面,新媒介对于政府环境治理绩效的公众满意度的影响要显著高于传统媒介。基于对研究发现的讨论,建议政府在传统媒介平台上满足公众多元化的环境信息需求,着手从新媒介平台搜集公众建议以改进环境治理,重点针对新媒介平台上的环境热点事件制定解决方案。     

基于顾客满意度陷阱的市场细分方法研究

提出了基于顾客满意度陷阱的市场细分方法,企业可以根据该细分结果对不同满意程度的顾客采取不同的营销战略,将投向满意顾客的部分资源转向不满意顾客和非常满意顾客,能够更有效地提升顾客忠诚度,并拉动企业的业绩表现。以某个电视制造企业为例,采用了聚类分析、主成分回归分析、多重对应分析等统计分析方法,验证了顾客满意度陷阱的存在,同时表明顾客的人口统计特征与顾客满意作用于顾客忠诚的方式存在对应关系,从而佐证了方法的合理性。     

The Relative Importance of Health

This article seeks to extend Michalos’ [Social indicators research and health-related quality of life (QoL) research. Social Indicators Research, 65, 27–72, 2004] discussion on bridging social indicators research and health-related QoL (HRQoL) research through an examination of (1) the relative importance of satisfaction with one’s own health to another common measure of QoL—Life satisfaction, and (2) the relative importance of health in relation to other major life domains. Using data from two surveys, this article found that individuals may perceive health as most important in relation to other major life domains but satisfaction with one’s own health may not necessarily be the most important determining factor (in relation to satisfaction with other major life domains) of QoL as measured by life satisfaction. These findings support Michalos’ (Social indicators research and HRQoL research. Social Indicators Research, 65, 27–72, 2004) call for caution regarding the interpretation of research results on HRQoL since many HRQoL measures are measures of satisfaction with one’s own health and should not be considered as measures of QoL.     

The Best and Worst Times of Life: Narratives and Assessments of Subjective Well-Being by Anamnestic Comparative Self Assessment (ACSA) in the Eastern Cape,South Africa

The Anamnestic Comparative Self Assessment (ACSA) measure of subjective well-being (SWB) aims to reduce the problems of cultural bias and relativity to external standards by allowing people to define the endpoints or ‘anchors’ of the measurement scale. In medical terminology anamnestic denotes ‘based on memory’. The ACSA uses subjects’ memories of the best and worst periods in their lives to define the anchors of the scale. They then assess their current quality of life relative to these personal anchors. The South African pilot study tested the match between self-assessment of SWB with ACSA and the conventional single-item measures of life satisfaction and happiness used in the South African Quality of Life Trends Study and analysed the narratives of the best and worst times of life. The quota sample of 46 consisted of 26 residents of Makana district in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, and 20 patients undergoing treatment in the local TB hospital. Mean SWB ratings with all three measures of life satisfaction, happiness and ACSA were between 5 and 6 on a 0–10-point scale. Ratings on all three scales were positively correlated. However, on ACSA the TB patients rated their current SWB 1.84 points lower than the community respondents, suggesting a greater sensitivity of this measure. It was observed that the starting points of the life stories produced by respondents to define the anchor periods for ACSA were related to their current assessment of SWB. A typology was developed that combined the starting point of the life stories with current SWB. The majority of community respondents matched the ‘Achiever’ type who scored positively on ACSA (i.e., above the mid-point of the scale) and whose life stories started with the worst period of their lives and proceeded to the best period. The TB patients were the only respondents to represent the ‘Survivor’ type whose morale had recovered after misfortune in life. ‘Survivors’ started their narratives with the best period in their lives, then moved to the worst (often health-related) one, and gave positive ACSA ratings. Based on the qualitative analysis of narratives, it is concluded that ACSA is a sensitive measurement instrument and therefore particularly useful for monitoring the effects of treatments and social interventions in longitudinal studies. However, further research is required to verify its cross-cultural validity.

Does Society Matter? Life Satisfaction in the Enlarged Europe

Life satisfaction is quite heterogeneously distributed across countries of the enlarged European Union. Previous research has shown how living conditions within individual countries, such as access to material and emotional resources, are important for personal well-being, but it has been less successful in explaining differences between countries. This article investigates whether it matters in which political and economic circumstances people live, as well as whether their particular perception of the quality of their societal environment plays a role. People are well aware that the institutional and cultural settings in which their lives are embedded create opportunities and limitations: within individual countries, perceptions of society influence life satisfaction outcomes irrespective of access to resources. However, their importance for well-being differs across Europe: perceptions of societies are highly decisive in countries that provide only a minimum of social security and in which the reliability of political institutions is poor. In rich and stable countries, the impact is weaker and private social support becomes more important. In addition to these country-specific weights of life satisfaction determinants, life satisfaction variations between countries can be explained to a large extent by taking into consideration the economic performance, the social security level, and the political culture in a country—all in all, general conditions that enable people to live a respectable life.