Effects of exposure to occupational violence and the mediating impact of fear

This paper examines the consequences of exposure to work-related violence and in particular, focuses upon the role of fear (of violence) as a mediating variable. The sample comprises UK public house licensees-individuals who manage public houses and hold the licence permitting the sale of alcoholic drinks on the premises. Questionnaires were sent to 479 licensees and a response rate of 51% was achieved. Each questionnaire measured exposure to a range of violent assaults, fear of violence, general well-being, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Based upon a final sample of 242 pub licensees, regression analyses showed that as the severity of the violence to which licensees were exposed increased, so fear of becoming a victim and symptoms of impaired well-being increased, while job satisfaction and organizational commitment decreased. Hierarchical analyses showed that fear of violence fully mediated the negative impact of exposure upon each of these other variables. It is argued that the management of fear appraisals should be integrated into organizational responses to work-place violence.     

技术工人满意度影响因素的实证分析

技术工人的短缺是影响中国经济以更快速度发展的障碍之一。而难以吸引更多人才投身技术岗位的重要原因之一是对技术工人的激励不足,造成其满意度较低。文章以问卷调查为基础,利用多元方差分析法对技术工人满意度的影响因素进行了实证研究,并根据研究结果给出一些建议,希望为企业根据不同技术工人群体制定适宜的激励政策提供参考。     

企业创建强势渠道的途径

企业必须从观念上认识到渠道的重要性,提升渠道的能力、渠道的控制力、渠道的弹性。本文利用管理学、市场营销学、生产运作及系统工程的知识围绕渠道的三个方面问题提出实施提升的途径,从而达到增强现实中的企业竞争力的目的。进而使国内企业能够从容的赢得未来市场。     

Gender and marital satisfaction early in marriage: A growth curve approach

The purpose of this study is to assess differences between husbands and wives (N= 526 couples at the first assessment) on (a) growth curves over the first 4 years of marriage for psychological distress, marriage‐specific appraisals, spousal interactions, social support, and marital satisfaction; (b) the strength of intraspouse links and cross‐spouse links involving the initial assessment of the first four variables and the growth curve for marital satisfaction; and (c) differences between spouses headed for divorce versus spouses in stable marriages on the growth curves for all five variables. On the basis of evidence that interspouse differences were largely nonsignificant, there was little support for the view that there are his and her versions of the processes that affect marital outcomes.     

The Dyadic Adjustment Scale: A Reliability Generalization Meta‐Analysis

We conducted a reliability generalization meta‐analysis to examine the internal consistency of Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS; Spanier, 1976 ) scores across 91 published studies with 128 samples and 25,035 participants. The DAS was found to produce total and Dyadic cohesion, Consensus, and Satisfaction scores of acceptable internal consistency, although lower than those originally reported by Spanier (1976) . Reliability estimates of these scores did not differ by the sexual orientation, gender, marital status, or ethnicity of the sample. The Affective Expression subscale was found to produce scores with poor Cronbach’s alpha across studies. Reliability estimates of Affective Expression scores were highly influenced by sample characteristics. The implications of these results are discussed as they relate to the use of the DAS in research.     

对商业银行居民服务满意度的评价分析——以南京市调查为例

为了正确地衡量商业银行的服务水平和准确了解普通百姓对银行办理存储业务的基本评价,这里以南京市8家商业银行为对象,运用模糊综合评价的方法就其服务水平的居民满意程度进行调查,进而通过对相关数据的比较分析,对各家商业银行服务水平高低优劣量化排序,在此基础上,就国有商业银行服务滞后,股份制商业银行服务水平略高,以及普遍存在的高水平服务缺失,改革速度缓慢,整体水平欠佳的状况进行了揭示.     

略论建设人民满意的政府

建设人民满意的政府,是我国政府改革的一项重要目标。人民满意和支持是现代政府存在的根本前提,构建人民满意的政府符合社会发展趋势,同时也是我国社会主义制度的本质要求。要建设人民满意的政府,应树立以民为本的管理理念,并以之指导政府活动,加强社会服务提高公众满意程度,正确履行政府职能,解决人民群众的实际问题等几个方面着手。     

Control, stress, and job satisfaction in Canadian nurses

The main effects of four domains of control (task, decision, resource, physical environment) on job satisfaction and their interactions with three types of job stressors (task demands, role conflict, interpersonal conflict) were examined in a sample of 765 Canadian nurses. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine the proportion of variance in job satisfaction that could be accounted for by job stressors, control, and the interaction of stressors and control in that order. The job stressors were analysed separately and as a composite job demands score, as were the four domains of control. The results indicated that the proportion of variance in job satisfaction increased with the addition of control for the composite scores and for task, resource, and physical environment control. However, decision control did not account for additional variance in job satisfaction above that for any of the job stressors. In addition, none of the stressor x control interactions were significant. The results support previous attempts to test the moderating effects of control, suggesting that perceived control is not a moderator of job stress but rather that it has a direct influence. The relevance of the different domains of control for nurses is discussed.     

Whose attitudes to which aspects of work? or Cool media for high participation

Current approaches to the assessment of job attitudes—for use in job redesign—seem to centre upon the importance of job characteristics, such as those within the Job Characteristics Model. Data collection is largely through well-founded, repeatable, formal questionnaires. It is argued that a broader, ergonomics perspective is required, stressing the importance of job holders' attitudes to the technology being used, the physical environment and workplace, and procedures in support of work, such as training. Furthermore, if we wish to promote the participation of those whose work is being redesigned, the traditional and scientifically respectable questionnaire may not be the correct instrument. Data gathered by means of informal semi-structured discussion may better reflect the concerns and priorities of the people doing the work. Perhaps, to paraphrase Marshall McLuhan, formal job attitude instruments used alone are 'hot media', in the sense of being well-filled with data but low in participation. Informal discussion methods could be seen then as a 'cool medium', high in participation or completion by the audience (McLuhan 1964, pp. 22-23).     

The role of perception in the intention to change the family financial situation

The study investigates factors associated with the individual intentions to change the family financial situation of 337 farm respondents. The hypotheses are that intentions to change are influenced by (a) resource flexibility or constraints existing at the time of the decision situation, including off-farm employment, education, age, and household size, and (b) perceptual factors of perceived income adequacy, locus of control, degree of discrepancy between standard and level of the family financial situation, and dissatisfaction or satisfaction with the discrepancy. Older respondents and those experiencing more external control are less likely to intend to change. Younger respondents and those who perceive their incomes as more adequate are more likely to perceive that they have control over their situation. The lower the perceived income adequacy, the greater the discrepancy between standard and level of the family financial situation and the lower the satisfaction with the discrepancy. Significant indirect effects were consistent with theoretical expectations.Research was supported by the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station Projects 52-055, 52-054, and 52-058 and the Minnesota Extension Service. The authors wish to thank Jean W. Bauer, Ph.D., for research collaboration and Susan Keskinen and Cathy Schultz for research assistance.Her research interests include social, economic, and technical decision processes, discrepancies between standards and levels, and the interrelationship of work and family roles, particularly for farm women. Her Ph.D. is from Iowa State University.Her research interests in family resource management theory include social decision making processes and social decision rules, family life quality, and the economic consequences of divorce. Her Ph.D. is from Michigan State University.