The fall of communism in 1989/1990 has led not only to the establishment of new political systems and ideologies, but also to significant modifications in the visual self-representation of the respective states in Eastern and East Central Europe. Statues of communist heroes were abolished and replaced by monuments and memorials reflecting the new political situation. New state buildings were erected, and the old ones remodelled and adapted to the representational needs of the new authorities. In some cases, the political changes even have had a strong impact on principles of city planning, effecting urban structures of symbolic value.
The focal points of these developments are the capital cities, being principal places of the execution of state power as well as of its self-representation. However, the conditions for the staging of the state in the capital are in each case different. They depend on one hand on the architectural shape and historic role of the city, and on the political situation and self-image of the state on the other.
The article provides a comparative analysis of the changes in the political iconography of four East Central European capitals—Berlin, Warsaw, Prague and Bratislava—since 1989, focusing on selected monuments, architectural projects for state institutions and concepts of town planning. 相似文献
Zuo (2004) investigated the simplified replacement finite sample breakdown point of weighted Lp-depth and Lp-median for some appropriate weight functions. The addition breakdown point of weighted Lp-depth functions is studied firstly in this article. In addition, for some other weight functions different from those in Zuo (2004
Zuo , Y. ( 2004 ). Robustness of weighted Lp-depth and Lp-median . Allgemeines Statistics Archiv. 88 : 215 – 234 .[Google Scholar]), we establish the lower bounds of these two types of breakdown point of weighted L2-median. 相似文献