Kazakhstan: constructing identity in a post-Soviet society

One of the problems with the now independent countries of Central Asia is that they have little history of independent statehood and even less experience of any ideological context that legitimizes a specific set of political arrangements, other than the discredited Marxist model of the Soviet system. Neither habit nor attachment to a coherent set of political ideals is very helpful as the basis for individual identification with or support of the State. Perhaps as a consequence, political operatives in Central Asian countries have opted to emphasize the centrality of ethnicity to legitimize their current political arrangements. But in Kazakhstan this presents a potential problem – the country is ethnically very diverse, has a large Russian/Slavic population and the ‘core nation’ of ethnic Kazakhs comprises a bare majority of Kazakh citizens. We utilize survey research to test the influence such factors as ethnicity, religion and other nexus of identity have on feelings of attachment to the state. Our findings indicate that identifying as ‘Kazakh’ indeed has a positive effect on identification with the state, as do identifying as Sunni Muslim and ‘Asian’. However, institutional trust and economic well-being are also positive influences on affective regard for the state, allowing an opening for broadening and deepening the basis for state legitimacy.     

政治身份认同的哲学探讨——对魏玛共和国和波恩共和国前后相关思想的考察

德国思想界在魏玛共和国和波恩共和国前后这段特殊时期内,完成了从德国近世以来形成的民族国家认同到超越这种民族国家认同的狭隘从而走向一个后民族国家的开放性的政治身份认同——即立宪爱国主义——的艰苦转型。诸多思想家就政治身份认同问题展开了讨论,并给出了各自的解决方式,从而揭示了这个问题的实质,即以一种基于议会民主制的公民理性交往的模式来扬弃传统的政治身份认同模式。     

从《宠儿》与《紫色》看黑人女性的身份重建

《宠儿》与《紫色》是托妮·莫里森和艾丽斯·沃克关注黑人女性在种族、性别、阶级等压迫下生活状态的代表性作品。文章通过对这两部作品的文本解读,比较分析莫里森和沃克对黑人女性身份问题的关注,并进一步探讨在种族和性别压迫下黑人女性的身份重建之路。     

Sexual Identity Formation of Women Who Love Women: A Contextual View Point

Nonheterosexuals experience oppression and discrimination that affect personal development on all levels. An increased awareness of sexual identity development could create more inclusive sexual identity models, better understanding for counselor educators, and better training for counselors on issues of sexual identity. The purpose of this study was to identify the life experiences that influence sexual identity in women who love women. This study required that participants attach meaning to sexual identity formation. From the data collected, four themes emerged: I was just different, information seeking, view of self as a woman within the context of culture, and contextual relationships. Findings of this study did not support a stage model of sexual identity development. Instead, this study supported the view that sexual identity is fluid and strongly related to relationships with peer groups.     

晚报副刊传播符号视觉化的表征、影响与对策

受到消费主义与新媒介技术的影响,读图时代的晚报副刊呈现出两个显著特征:一方面,从表现形式上看,副刊多频率地运用各式图片与形象构图传播信息,视觉化趋势增强;图片专版大放异彩,摄影文学则为副刊视觉传播开拓了更深广的领域。另一方面,从承载内容上看,快餐式的视觉文化作品在一定程度上导致了副刊文学性的消解、受众参与性的式微与思想性的解构。副刊视觉化传播的主流应是融合时代性、文艺性与思想性的作品。     

Visual accountability

In this article, we draw attention to the way in which accountability relations are manifested in and through the use of visual evidence. Through their status as representations of what is the case, evidentiary visual images frequently provide a basis for giving accounts and for raising questions regarding distributions of accountability. At the same time, and in a similar manner to numbers (Munro, 2001), such images become part of organized relations of accountability that can be noted as having ‘hailing’ effects: they call for and prefigure a certain kind of response and dispersing of responsibility. Here we examine how the use of visual evidence is embedded in discursive and material practices that variously create or inhibit possibilities for questioning, or interrogating, this evidence. Drawing on elements of ethnomethodology and actor‐network theory, we use ‘interrogation’ as the basis for depicting a three‐part analytical schema focused on opening up, closing down and temporality to explore how visual accountability is worked out in surveillance, traffic management and breast screening images.     

Virtual journey coupled with face‐to‐face exchange: enhancing the cultural sensitivity and competence of graduate students

This study attempted to enhance cultural sensitivity for graduate students at an American and a South African university, using a six‐week online List Serv, email buddy exchange, and two‐week face‐to‐face experience. After the course was over, results of the intercultural developmental inventory, using t‐tests for related samples, showed that there was a significant difference (alpha equals .04) in the universalism and cognitive frame shifting clusters as well as the overall developmental cultural level of sensitivity. Positive trends were noted in the areas of cultural self‐identity enhancement, and a decrease in inflation in the area of perceived intercultural sensitivity was noted.     

在什么意义上黑格尔辩证法是马克思哲学变革的思想源头?——从"卢卡奇-科耶夫解读"看

对马克思来说,黑格尔的重要性在于:他打破近代哲学主客分立的内在性论域,提出在历史过程中重建主体与客体的同一性,由此提供了现代性自我理解的一种重要哲学形式,为马克思探索新哲学道路准备了思想前提。但黑格尔把整个问题变成抽象的思辨问题,坚持在思想中解决该问题。马克思则立足于唯物史观,把由黑格尔开发的现代性自我理解问题变成一个政治问题,即通过革命的实践活动去改变世界和历史。卢卡奇和科耶夫对黑格尔哲学的解读,对理解马克思和黑格尔之间这种传承与批判的内在逻辑具有重要启示作用。     

《扎根》：艰难而荒谬的身份认同

以什么样的方式去追忆、表现或批判“文革”历史,很长时期内都是摆在中国作家面前的一道难题。韩东的小说《扎根》通过描写陶培毅一家在“文革”中的遭遇,从个人对“文革”身份体系的认同角度,探讨了“文革”对个人的伤害与影响。