论西方当代艺术的生成与视觉文化悖论——以“英国青年艺术家”运动为例

西方当代艺术是生成性的,而且它在本性上与视觉文化语境处于相互生成之中。这种相互生成,不仅与存在相关联,更发生在艺术文本的语境里。作为一种反审美的文化,当代艺术的生成与大众视觉文化既趋同又反离,并显明为艺术观念的当下发生及其在视觉文化中的沉淀。作为一种事件,当下发生表明了当代艺术的文本及其偶发性特征。在此基础上,当代艺术产生了与之相关的视觉文化悖论,这也是视觉艺术的当代性与文化的后现代性的突出表征。对于当代艺术来说,其视觉文化悖论主要表征为：艺术日益普及化、通俗化,却越来越难以理喻。同时,艺术看起来既十分“自然”、熟悉,但又显得非常陌生。这种视觉文化悖论是当代艺术与视觉文化相互生成的独特体现,同时它也表征了西方当代视觉文化及其存在的根本困境。     

族群表述：生态文明的人类学意义

多年来,人类学致力于世界范围内的＂异文化＂研究,并经历了从以进化论为前提将不同民族作＂文明＂与＂野蛮＂之分,向以文化相对主义为基础提倡族群尊重的演变。如今,本学科又拓展出反思＂我族中心＂缺陷,向＂土著知识＂寻找资源来救治现代性的重要转向。由此出发,从族群表述的角度探讨东亚视野中生态文明的人类学意义。     

物·意·文：陆机文学命题的现代思考

陆机的“意称物”、“文逮意”,超越了一般的“言意之辨”命题,形成了“物、意、文统一”的逻辑系统,作为反映论的文学观,具有很强的概括力和普适性。不过从现代文艺观及语言哲学观着眼,“物、意、文”之间的联系是极为复杂的,不同的文化形态及文学类别,“物、意、文”之间的关联迥然不同。从遵循“物、意、文”统一,到崇奉精神创造和语言表达的自由空间,关涉到文学疆界的拓展与文学观念的扩版。无论从纵向历史演进还是从横向关联上看,任何文艺观念都有它的不完备性,这正是文学艺术的复杂性、创造性和生命力所在。     

张力：在文学与文化之间——2011年文艺学前沿研究报告

2011年的文艺学研究覆盖了文学理论与文化研究两大界域,在马克思主义文艺理论、文学的全球化、视觉文化、西方文论、中国古代文论以及文学研究的观念与方法等诸多论域,均有较为出色的研究成果,使文艺学研究呈现出多层级的深入与科际之间的互动。文化研究丰富、扩大了传统的文学研究,突破、超越了文艺学既定的学术体制,但是,作为一种＂后学科＂,文化研究是当代＂学科大联合＂的一种积极努力,文化只是文学研究不可或缺的一个维度,文化研究不可能完全取代文学研究。如何在理论与实践上将文学研究与文化研究融为一体,对研究者而言仍是任重道远。     

视觉与权力：约翰·菲斯克的视觉文化理论

菲斯克把权力斗争理论运用于大众媒介如电视、监控摄像机、MTV等的分析,揭示这些视觉媒介中的权威意识形态的宰制性,发掘后现代状况下大众阅读的抵抗性权力。菲斯克分析了资本主义民主体制下的社会矛盾的新形态,为西方社会的变革寻找革命主体,其视觉文化理论具有重要的政治实践意义。     

我国廉政文化视觉传播中的问题与对策

廉政文化视觉传播作为现当代的一种文化现象,既具有历史的传承性,又具有净化社会的现实意义。我国儒家思想的政治道德观念以及社会规范与准则的建立到当下倡导的"廉洁文化",以及视觉传播的多元化和网络廉政文化的普世性,折射出我国不同时期在廉政文化视觉传播的发展与建设,并对人们建立廉洁从政的信仰和价值观念、形成廉政的行为规范等生活方式都产生了不容忽视的影响。但由于廉政文化传播中的主体缺失、形式与途径的单一以及不健全的传播机制,导致了廉政文化视觉传播未能充分发挥其效力,据此提出了创立廉政视觉符号体系、搭建传播平台等廉政文化视觉传播的相应对策。     

Advancing towards inclusive social research: visual methods as opportunities for people with severe mental illness to participate in research

This article explores the possibilities offered by visual methods in the move towards inclusive research, reviewing some methodological implications of said research and reflecting on the potential of visual methods to meet these methodological requirements. A study into the impact of work on social inclusion and the social relationships of people suffering from severe mental illness (SMI) serves to illustrate the use of visual methods such as photo elicitation and graphic elicitation in the context of in-depth interviews with the aim of improving the aforementioned target group’s participation in research, participation understood as one of the basic elements of inclusive approaches. On the basis of this study, we reflect on the potential of visual methods to improve the inclusive approach to research and conclude that these methods are open and flexible in awarding participantsa voice, allowingpeople with SMI to express their needs, and therefore adding value to said approach.     

Imag(in)ing Women's Agency

The use of images is central to Amnesty International's 2004 campaign ‘Stop Violence against Women’. Looking at how Amnesty International uses images to show women's agency reveals a conflation of the terms sex and gender. Despite its best efforts, Amnesty International's goal of empowering women ultimately remains out of reach because it fails to read violence against women in a gendered context. Through interviews and analyses of the images, this article claims that Amnesty International's concept of agency is trapped in a heterosexist, masculinist grammar that perpetuates non-agential articulations of women in human rights discourse. This article offers an alternative reading of gender and agency that contextualizes violence, opening up spaces in human rights discourse to begin to look at what causes individuals to resort to violence and at how violence may be perpetrated because of the presence of particular genders.     

Effects of fear of negative social evaluation in interaction with potential partners: experimental study of first encounters / Efectos del temor a la evaluación social negativa en interacción con parejas potenciales: estudio experimental de los primeros encuentros

Abstract

This study used an experimental procedure to evaluate the effects of fear of negative social evaluation (FNSE) on courtship strategies and the ability to interact with the opposite sex. 108 university students participated in this study with a mean age of 19.6. Prior to the experimental procedure, FNSE levels were measured. Then two photographs of people of the opposite sex were shown, one more attractive than the other, and the participants were informed that they would meet one of them. Levels of anxiety and self-presentation motivation (SPM) were measured before the planned interaction. Results show that people with low levels of FNSE have positive expectations of reciprocity when they are about to meet a person that they find attractive. Women, but not men, with high levels of FNSE report higher SPM with less attractive people than with more attractive people. High levels of FNSE are associated with a loss of calm in the situation of meeting a person of the opposite sex. Implications of these results are discussed in the context of courtship strategies.