Mediating claims to artistry: Social stratification in a local visual arts community

Participant observation was employed to analyze the stratification of artists in the visual art world around a small northeastern American city. Reflecting their art world reputation, artists' strata included naifs, hobbyists, serious amateurs, aspiring preprofessionals, and professionals. The local careers of some artists moved progressively from lower to higher reaches of the system; as they moved upward, their level of professional commitment, art world involvement, knowledge of art, skill, and artistic style tended to change also. Except among professionals, the great majority were women. Overall, certain art styles were selectively favored. The most important selective mechanisms were formal art education, professionalization, artistic style, network centrality, jurying, and sales. With a few recent exceptions, truly naive and imitative traditional styles were excluded from the upper levels in favor of modernist abstraction, innovative figuration, or sophisticated forms ofart brut.An earlier version of this paper was presented to the 12th World Congress of Sociology, International Sociological Association, Madrid, July 1990.     

信息化时代,我国企业将如何导入CI

在阐明CI设计的基础上,通过介绍CI的发展情况,结合我国企业的特点,重点分析了在目前国际大环境下我国企业导入CI所需解决的问题.并对企业在导入CI的过程常遇到的问题提出几点建议.     

试论数学中的形象化教学

本文通过一些实例，阐明了在数学中实施形象化教学的意义、作用和途径。     

非视觉信息在阅读教学中的作用和应用

阅读能力是一种重要的语言运用能力。阅读能力的提高有赖于语言知识、词汇习得、阅读技巧和阅读速度等几个方面的提高。心理语言学有关阅读过程的心理分析及视觉信息与非视觉信息相关理论对如何提高学生阅读能力具有指导意义。积极有效的阅读训练应当将语言知识的习得与阅读策略的训练相结合 ,将视觉信息与非视觉信息的应用相结合。     

医院视觉符码导向在环境上的应用

医院视觉符码系统将抽象符码归纳为基本要素,这些符码有机而严谨的逻辑联系,组成了医院形象的概念系统,从而统一而有控制地应用在医院行为的各个方面.导向系统在设计过程中除了传达医院理念和个性外,还要遵循化具体为抽象、化静为动的原则,并兼顾视觉识别符号在发展中形成的习惯.     

机器人的視觉信息处理

本文介绍一种机器人视觉信号处理系统。系统采用了图象模糊增强、将文字图形投影的快速傅氏变换及转动惯量作为识别特征,且根据模板匹配法实现模式识别,初步的实验结果是令人满意的。     

How Do Information Ambiguity and Timing of Contextual Information Affect Managers’ Goal Congruence in Making Investment Decisions in Good Times vs. Bad Times?

Information ambiguity is prevalent in organizations and may influence management decisions. This study draws upon research on information bias and ambiguity research to empirically test how information ambiguity and non-financial factors (e.g., interpersonal information) affect managers’ capital budgeting decisions when in good vs. bad times. Ninety-two managers completed two experiments. In Experiment One, the information was presented sequentially. Our results show that without the presence of non-financial factors, managers tend to maximize the firm value. After receiving non-financial factors, a significant number of managers switched to the self-serving option in good times (the gain condition) but stayed with firm-value maximization in bad times (the loss condition). In Experiment Two, the information was presented simultaneously in the presence and absence of ambiguity. We found that in the presence of ambiguity, the information presentation has no impact on managers’ self-serving bias in good times or their firm-value maximization tendency in bad times. Interestingly, we also observed managers’ use of interpersonal information even in the absence of ambiguity.JEL Classification: D8     

从乐制变迁看楚汉辞赋的造作——对“赋者古诗之流”的另一种解读

汉武帝时立乐府之制与献赋之风有着内在的联系,乐制思想的象德缀淫与辞赋创作的欲讽反劝也是一致的。从历史上看,孔子倡导“思无邪”、反对“郑声淫”,是对乐制和诗教的要求,而从殷商的《桑林乐》到战国楚人的《好色赋》,正显示了继“郑声”而归“雅正”的思想演变。汉代乐府的内廷娱乐性质与象德缀淫思想的矛盾,辞赋创作欲讽反劝的矛盾,均在乐制的变迁中得以展示。     

新历史小说“新”论

新历史小说以实验文本的形式走上当代文坛,繁荣一时,但至今为止还是一个含混的概念,从历史题材、历史视角、历史意识三个角度入手,尝试澄清它与十七年时期革命历史小说和传统历史小说的区别以及“新”之所在,为它的存在提供理由与合法性依据,并对简单地将新历史小说与新历史主义理论对应阐释的状况提出批评。     

论中国传统绘画的抽象性形态

在经济关系、意识形态和民族习惯互不相同的社会条件下所形成的绘画形态中,讲究"笔墨情趣"与"离形得似"的中国绘画抽象形态表现形式,它作为中国人把握世界的一定方式的特征,作为中国画家的生活与创作活动的组成部分,伴随着历史的发展而发展。对中国传统绘画中讲究"笔墨情趣"与"离形得似"抽象形态进行深入研究,可以使中国绘画的抽象性表现更加丰富,更加完善,使其在绘画中的作用更加显著和完美。