组块构建记忆策略训练--提高高一学生英语词汇学习质量的实验研究

本研究在总结有关词汇学习研究成果的基础上,提炼出组块构建记忆策略的概念,并在高中一年级英语教学中进行组块构建记忆策略训练,结果表明:(1)组块构建记忆策略训练,可显著地提高高一学生英语词汇学习质量和词汇记忆技能,能改善高一学生的英语学习观念、态度,激发高一学生的英语学习兴趣;(2)不同类型的学生受益程度不一样;(3)本实验所采用的组块构建记忆策略训练方法、途径能提高高中英语词汇教学质量,这为中学英语词汇教学提供了新的教学方法与途径。     

原型理论与英语词汇教学

立足原型理论的本质,举例分析如何利用原型理论指导英语词汇教学,并基于原型理论的特性,进一步指出英语词汇教学应注意的问题.     

论大学生英语阅读过程中的词汇附带习得

分析了词汇附带习得理论及学生词汇附带习得的效率及其原因,提出了大学英语教学中,教师应如何利用阅读材料培养学生有效的词汇处理策略,使其尽快达到二语阅读的词汇临界水平,为学生在阅读活动中更好地附带习得词汇创造前提条件。     

非英语专业高职生词汇学习策略训练研究

文章分析了词汇学习策略训练对非英语专业高职生词汇学习的影响,介绍了适合于学生的有效词汇学习训练模式,建议采用一些具体的词汇学习策略,以显性方式对学生进行策略训练,并将训练融入日常英语教学中,同时辅以元认知意识的培养。     

Modelling period fertility: Schooling and intervals following a birth in Eastern Africa

We describe a regression-based approach to the modelling of age-, order-, and duration-specific period fertility, using retrospective survey data. The approach produces results that are free of selection biases and can be used to study differential fertility. It is applied to Demographic and Health Survey data for Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe to investigate differential trends in fertility by education. Parity progression fell and the intervals following each birth lengthened between the 1970s and 2000s in all four countries. Fertility fell most among women with secondary education. In contrast to other world regions, postponement of successive births for extended periods accounted for much of the initial drop in fertility in these African countries. However, family size limitation by women with secondary education in Ethiopia and Kenya and longer birth spacing in Zimbabwe also played significant roles. Thus, birth control is being adopted in Eastern Africa in response to diverse changes in fertility preferences.     

Parental divorce, sibship size, family resources, and children’s academic performance

Using data from 19,839 adolescents from the National Education Longitudinal Study, this study investigates whether the effects of parental divorce on adolescents’ academic test performance vary by sibship size. Analyses show that the negative effect of divorce on adolescent performance attenuates as sibship size increases. On the other side of the interaction, the inverse relationship between sibship size and test performance is weaker in disrupted than in two-biological-parent families. Trends of such interactions are evident when sibship size is examined either as a continuous or a categorical measure. Finally, the observed interactions on adolescents’ academic performance are completely explained by variations in parental financial, human, cultural, and social resources. In sum, this study underlines the importance of treating the effect of parental divorce as a variable and calls for more research to identify child and family features that may change the magnitude of such an effect.     

A simple two-stage design for quantitative responses with application to a study in diabetic neuropathic pain

Two-stage designs offer substantial advantages for early phase II studies. The interim analysis following the first stage allows the study to be stopped for futility, or more positively, it might lead to early progression to the trials needed for late phase II and phase III. If the study is to continue to its second stage, then there is an opportunity for a revision of the total sample size. Two-stage designs have been implemented widely in oncology studies in which there is a single treatment arm and patient responses are binary. In this paper the case of two-arm comparative studies in which responses are quantitative is considered. This setting is common in therapeutic areas other than oncology. It will be assumed that observations are normally distributed, but that there is some doubt concerning their standard deviation, motivating the need for sample size review. The work reported has been motivated by a study in diabetic neuropathic pain, and the development of the design for that trial is described in detail.     

Consultants' forum: should post hoc sample size calculations be done?

Pre‐study sample size calculations for clinical trial research protocols are now mandatory. When an investigator is designing a study to compare the outcomes of an intervention, an essential step is the calculation of sample sizes that will allow a reasonable chance (power) of detecting a pre‐determined difference (effect size) in the outcome variable, at a given level of statistical significance. Frequently studies will recruit fewer patients than the initial pre‐study sample size calculation suggested. Investigators are faced with the fact that their study may be inadequately powered to detect the pre‐specified treatment effect and the statistical analysis of the collected outcome data may or may not report a statistically significant result. If the data produces a “non‐statistically significant result” then investigators are frequently tempted to ask the question “Given the actual final study size, what is the power of the study, now, to detect a treatment effect or difference?” The aim of this article is to debate whether or not it is desirable to answer this question and to undertake a power calculation, after the data have been collected and analysed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅析政治因素在美语词汇中的反映

随着社会的发展和人类思维的更新,语言不断被输入新鲜血液。美式英语,作为英语这门古老而优秀的语言的分支,也经历了无数次变革大潮的冲击。其中政治因素对美语词汇的影响很大,总统竞选、种族歧视、女权运动都对美语词汇产生影响。美语词汇中出现了大量的新词与新义。通过对政治因素和美语词汇最新发展的了解,有助于美语学习者更好地掌握美语这门语言。     

中国大学生词汇学习中的词典使用情况调查及启示

以自行设计的词典使用过程模型为基础对北京一所高校的大学一年级学生在英语词汇学习中的词典使用情况进行了一次调查研究,并对部分受试者进行了跟踪访谈。研究表明,受试者在英语词典使用的三个阶段上有待改进,词典使用的指导训练应及早展开。根据调查中反映的问题,对大学英语教学中的词典使用指导与训练提出了建议。