“家中天使”的悲剧——《一个小时的故事》和《穿夏装的姑娘们》的比较分析

《一个小时的故事》是美国19世纪女作家凯特.肖班的短篇小说经典。《穿夏装的姑娘们》是美国20世纪男作家欧文?萧短篇小说代表作。两篇小说虽然创作的时代不同,但都以精简有力的文字,讲述了一个深刻的故事。前者质疑了传统的婚姻,使原来处于男性中心社会视角盲区的现实得以呈现在读者的眼前,挑战了男性至上主义文学中的妇女形象;后者则聚焦于男性对女性身体美的欣赏,折射出男性对肉体的专注和对女性精神需求的漠视。两部作品都反映了传统婚姻对女性的压抑,表达了对女性作为传统的“家庭天使”的角色的怀疑和否定。     

“左转”中的民俗叙事模式探讨——以丁玲文学作品的婚姻民俗叙事为例

现代文学"向左转"是中国现代小说发展过程中的重要现象,而民俗叙事始终主动参与并推动此进程。丁玲是其中转得顺利成功的典型作家。在文学书写的过程中,丁玲始终以女性的视角,采撷婚姻民俗参与作品叙事,赋予作品以生活质感和历史厚重感,为我们总结现代文学宏大叙事中的婚姻民俗参与范式提供了极好的素材。     

Relationship of Dyadic Closeness With Work‐Related Stress: A Daily Diary Study

We examined the association between work‐related stress of both spouses and daily fluctuations in their affective states and dyadic closeness. Daily diary data from 169 Israeli dual‐earner couples were analyzed using multilevel modeling. The findings indicate that work stress has no direct effect on dyadic closeness but rather is mediated by the spouses’ negative mood. Evidence was found for spillover of stress from work to mood at home, as well as negative crossover among couples with higher marital quality, resulting in greater distance on stressful days. Such increased distance may reflect either a deleterious effect of work stress on marital relationships or a protective mechanism used by couples in times of stress.     

White Mothers,Brown Children: Ethnic Identification of Maori‐European Children in New Zealand

Studies of multiethnic families often assume the ethnic identification of children with the minority group results from the minority parent. This study examines an alternate view that mainstream parents also play an important role in transmitting minority ethnicity. It explores this argument using data from New Zealand on the ethnic labels mothers assign to their Maori‐European children. It finds that European mothers are just as disposed as Maori mothers to designate their child as Maori, either exclusively or in combination. Two explanations, grounded in ethnic awareness and gendered inheritance, are proposed. Although neither satisfactorily predicts maternal designation decisions, the readiness of European mothers to identify their child as Maori underscores their role in diffusing Maori ethnicity.     

Changes in conjugal life in Canada: Is cohabitation progressively replacing marriage?

This article aims first to contrast the trends of marriage and cohabitation across different regions in Canada, and second, to assess whether cohabitation constitutes a new stage in the progression to marriage, or an alternative to marriage altogether. Based on various empirical demographic indicators, the analysis shows profound differences across the country. In Quebec, cohabiting unions are now widely accepted as forming the basis for family life, whereas they still largely constitute a childless prelude to marriage elsewhere in Canada. The authors discuss the role of different religious and cultural backgrounds, and of recent changes in the relationships between men and women, in accounting for the divergent evolution observed.     

伏羲文化内涵一说

伏羲文化的主要内涵是发明网罟、始制婚姻、始画八卦。发明网罟用于捕鱼打猎,带来生产力的大飞跃,关乎人的生存。始制婚姻用于规范两性关系,使两性关系脱离了动物界,关乎人类延续后代。始画八卦用于认识万事万物,使人类社会逐渐走出蒙昧时代,开启了通向文明时代的道路。伏羲文化主要内涵的价值具有根本性、普遍性和永恒性,伏羲是首位中华人文始祖。顾颉刚先生认为,伏羲是文明社会中的人们回溯古代社会,因而从理性上推演出来的一个古代社会的渔猎阶段。冯友兰先生认为,文化是一种有选择的积累。本文讨论伏羲文化的内涵,是以顾、冯两位先生的上述见解为前提的。     

Explanations of How Love Crosses Class Lines: Cultural Complements and the Case of Cross‐Class Marriages

Sociologists know little about how actors explain their attraction to a partner who grew up in a different social class or why their accounts are likely. This is problematic as one form of social class heterophily is relatively common—heterophily by class origin. Drawing upon data from interviews with college‐educated respondents in heterophilous marriages by class origin (n = 60) as well as interviews with college‐educated respondents in homophilous marriages by class origin (n = 20), this article shows that respondents in heterophilous and homophilous marriages say that they appreciate their spouse for different reasons. Whereas actors in homophilous relationships by class origin explain their appreciation for their spouse in terms of cultural similarities, respondents in heterophilous marriages by class origin explain their appreciation of their spouse in terms of “cultural complements”—the obverse of the dispositions they dislike in themselves and attribute to their own upbringing. The article theorizes that accounts of cultural complements are enabled by the social organization of culture by class.     

新青年遭遇“旧”婚约——以1919年底《学灯》讨论为例

清末民初,受欧美文明观、自由观的影响,"父母之命"的择偶模式成为中国婚姻的简单形象,而爱情作为结婚的要素与婚姻挂钩,知识青年对婚恋自由的追求渐成风尚。本文以1919年底上海《时事新报》副刊《学灯》关于"男子可否承认父母代定的未婚妻"的讨论为例,反思近代中国婚姻家庭史研究方法。试图把婚姻观的变化放在历史的脉络中考察,强调人事环境的复杂性和联系性。     

婚姻挤压对中国农村不同群体安全感的影响——基于全国百村调查数据的分析

中国的男性婚姻挤压问题,已成为目前社会转型期的“社会风险”之一,给包括不同婚姻状态下男女两性在内的社会各群体的安全感均带来不利影响,成为影响人口社会可持续发展的隐患。从个人微观层次分析婚姻挤压下农村各群体的安全感现状及婚姻挤压对不同年龄和地区的农村男性安全感的影响发现:农村大龄未婚男性群体的安全感最低,婚姻状况对个人的安全感具有显著影响,婚姻挤压对男性安全感的影响存在显著的时代差异以及地区差异。提高中国农村各群体的安全感需从根本上改善农村各群体的生存状况,统筹解决性别失衡引起的婚姻挤压问题,从国家政策与制度创新的层面关注婚姻挤压及农村各群体的安全感问题。     

The LGBQ Social Climate Matters: Policies,Protests, and Placards and Psychological Well-Being Among LGBQ Emerging Adults

Sexual minority youth, including emerging adults, are at risk for negative health outcomes. Minority stress theory posits that heterosexism can contribute to these outcomes among sexual minorities. Researchers have tested this theory with respect to interpersonal heterosexism; however, little attention has been given to macro-level and environmental forms of heterosexism, especially among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) youth. In this study, we examine the role of objective social climate (LGB state-level policies) and experiential distal and proximal environmental microaggressions on the psychological well-being of LGBQ emerging adults. Furthermore, we examine the role of LGBQ identity salience as a moderating factor on the macro/environmental-heterosexism and well-being relationship. Multivariable linear regression results suggest that living in a state without same-sex marriage laws is associated with greater self-esteem, whereas both distal and proximal environmental microaggressions are risk factors for anxiety and perceived stress. Furthermore, identity salience can ameliorate the effects of distal microaggressions and intensify the effects of proximal microaggressions and same-sex marriage legislation. Implications for practice with sexual minority youth are discussed.