Intergenerational Interactions Occurring Within a Shared Reading Program

Abstract

In the following exploratory study the interaction patterns of 4 parent readers and 4 senior readers were investigated using grounded theory methodology during an intergenerational shared book reading program involving 16, 5 and 6 year old children.¹ Data were collected during pilot, pre-program, program, and post-program conditions using open, axial and selective coding procedures leading to the identification of provisional categories and the central phenomenon of scaffolding. Scaffolding was defined as a query and response pattern initiated by the adult, and used to direct the child's focus of attention during the literacy act. This took place as part of a transactional process where the elements of (a) the book being read, (b) the child and (c) the volunteer reader were found to mutually condition each other. The qualities that the reader brought to the transaction tended to differ when comparing senior and parent readers. The main differences observed occurred in three clusters of (a) Timing, Responsiveness, and Pace, (b) Use of Expression, Colloquialisms, Articulationand (c) Gestures, Feedback Methodsand Range of Strategies. Within these categories, the pace of the senior readers was found to be slower than that of the parent aged readers. The senior readers also tended to use distinct pronunciation and did not use colloquialisms. They were also more inclined to use a wider range of supportive strategies. Both the senior readers and the parent readers were unaware of most of the strategies that they used to support the children. Further research on the question of the transactional process and the qualities brought to the shared reading experience by senior volunteer readers is required. Replication of the present study is suggested across a variety of conditions with different types volunteer readers and children.     

Involvement in Voluntary Organizations: How Older Adults Access Volunteer Roles?

ABSTRACT

This study examines how older adults access organizational volunteer roles and what socio-structural factors are associated with the access. Using the data from the Current Population Survey (U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 2002 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 2002. Current population survey, September 2002: Volunteer supplement, Washington, DC: Author. [Computer file] [Google Scholar]), bivariate analyses show that there are variations in access to volunteer roles across types of organizations. Results from multinomial logistic regressions indicate that education, income, age, and race are associated with the ways that older adults access volunteer roles. Voluntary organizations are advised to approach older adults directly, use current volunteers to recruit potential ones, publicize their organizational goals, and disseminate relevant information in efforts to improve access of older adults to volunteer roles.     

广西大学生助残志愿服务活动现状及问题对策

广西大学生助残志愿服务活动的开展总体上是有序、有效和可持续的,但也存在问题。部分大学生对助残志愿服务活动缺乏了解,参加志愿意服务呈短期性、参加的途径和场所较为集中、涉及范围较小,参加助残志愿服务活动动机盲目和具有功利性。可以通过拓宽大学生了解和参加助残志愿服务活动的渠道和加强高校与残联机构、社区、企事业单位等之间的联动,完善各项制度,加强管理,推动助残志愿服务活动规范化和科学发展。     

志愿者沟通姿态、自我状态及动机之关系研究——2014年APEC会议志愿者调查

本研究以2014年 APEC 会议外围区域志愿者为调查对象,从性别、报名渠道、学历、志愿服务次数等维度,通过调查问卷的形式,研究志愿者在沟通姿态、自我状态、动机三方面的不同表现,并进一步解释三者之间的相关情况,为改进和完善志愿者的招募、管理、教育等方面提供了依据。     

提倡志愿者行动对预防青少年犯罪的可能性探析

组织青少年参与志愿者活动,能有效地补充家庭、学校和社会教育的不足;面向全社会推广志愿者精神,在培养青少年个人责任感和社会责任感的同时,为青少年的健康成长提供良好的社会环境.     

奥运志愿活动与北京市社会志愿服务体系的建设

近年来,我国的社会志愿服务体系建设发展迅速,但在快速发展的同时,整体上存在着志愿服务机制不成熟、活动质量不高、力量分散、参与面不够广等问题。2008年北京奥运会志愿者工作对我国的志愿服务体系建设产生了重大影响。本文建议认真总结奥运会志愿者服务活动的经验,并以此为契机,采取多种方式完善和发展志愿者服务体系。     

草根慈善组织志愿者动员机制与管理探析——基于社会交换视角并以厦门市同心慈善会为例

厦门同心慈善会是一家草根慈善组织,是福建省首家以发展、培训、管理、输出志愿者服务为目的的专业性非营利机构。运用社会交换理论分析同心慈善会的志愿者动员机制,发现同心慈善会"家的隐喻"以及同心慈善会为志愿者提供的各种服务扩大了志愿者个人的社会资本,是其动员机制的重要组成部分,而参加志愿服务所带来的志愿者内在心灵的成长与满足是其动员机制的核心,阶梯式的培训和星级激励系统是其志愿者管理的主要特色。其他草根慈善组织可以借鉴同心慈善会的管理经验,为组织的可持续发展提供稳定的人力资源保障。     

新媒体视阈下大学生志愿服务运作模式研究

当前大学生志愿服务运作模式在运用新媒体上主要存在几个问题:新媒体运用的满意度较低,舆论宣传和项目运作的机制不健全,人员招募和培训指导的自主性不强,激励管理和评价考核手段的创新性不够及新媒体运用空间有待进一步拓展等问题,其原因主要是资金扶助和技术支持力度不够、平台搭建与内容供给明显不足、师资力量与组织保障严重缺乏。因此,当前大学生志愿服务运用新媒体的具体方略可以从综合施策,打造大学生志愿服务的新媒体平台体系;协同互动,创新新媒体与传统媒体有效衔接的工作方式;注重实效,构建运用新媒体的常态化工作机制等三个方面入手。     

志愿组织参与城市管理的现状与对策——以宁波城管义工协会为个案的分析

志愿组织参与城市管理既是现代民主政治发展和复杂社会治理的现实需求,也是志愿组织行使社会权力的重要表现。在大力倡导社会管理和社会建设的背景下,宁波市城管义工协会以“政府关注、社会急需”为出发点开展形式各异的志愿活动,在城市管理和社会公众之间搭建了一座互动的桥梁,为探索公众参与社会管理提供了一个鲜活的样本。本文以宁波市城管义工协会为个案,从领导架构、组织网络、岗位设置、会员管理、财务管理等方面剖析城管义工协会的运作模式,考察城管义工协会的运行成效,进而反思其蕴含的问题;最后从强化志愿者的权利意识、拓宽公共参与渠道、健全志愿组织培训机制、推进志愿组织内部建设以及加大政府政策扶持力度等维度提出促进志愿组织参与城市管理的构架和思路。     

大学生志愿服务居家养老存在的问题及其对策——以广西南宁为例

从当前人口老龄化以及居家养老服务推行的背景出发,以南宁居家养老服务大学生联合组织为例,指出志愿者组织管理制度缺乏有效的约束力、志愿服务内容与老人的实际需求脱轨、活动经费保障能力不足、志愿服务对象难觅及社会力量的参与不到位、志愿服务活动影响力不明显等问题,提出了进一步完善志愿者管理制度、志愿服务内容应与老年人的需求接轨、建立多方位的"居家养老"志愿服务活动经费保障体系、加大"居家养老"的宣传力度及推动全社会力量的广泛参与等措施,以期推动"居家养老服务"志愿者活动的顺利开展。