艺术美的整体考察——张涵文艺美学研究述评

艺术作为人类的精神产品,具有思想性、认识性、典型性和形象性、主观性和情感性,但只有审美属性才是它的本质属性。艺术的审美本质不是单一地体现在艺术创作、艺术作品(文本)、艺术鉴赏的某一个环节,而是流动地体现在三者之间的有机联系之中。     

Perceptions of participants and staff of implementing a physical activity program in rural primary care

Addressing the lack of physical activity (PA) in rural adults is vital because of the role it plays in the risk for many chronic diseases. The purpose of the study was to explore the feasibility of conducting a 12-week intervention utilizing a Fitbit to increase PA behavior in inactive rural adults recruited from a primary care clinic. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with study participants (n=10) and a focus group was held with nurses (n=7) from the primary care clinic. Data were analyzed using the process of immersion/crystallization. Participants and nurses both felt the program had a positive impact on PA and that the program was needed in the community. Study participants most often reported their favorite part of the study was being able to track their activity as well as the goal setting. However, study participants reported barriers to continued participation in PA related to a lack of time and ability to be active in cold weather. Further, nursing staff reported barriers in regard to a lack of resources (staffing and money) These barriers need to be examined further and addressed in order to implement a sustainable PA program that can be maintained through a primary care clinic.     

中西比较视角下古典民主产生原因探析

在西方,古典民主萌芽于古希腊,并深深影响着现代民主的发展。同样是人类文明的发祥地,民主的思想与实践却未能落脚在古代中国。因为古代中国与古代希腊不同的地理环境造就了迥异的经济活动方式与早期文化,进而产生了截然不同的政治思想。     

对七省市三十所高校大学生课外科技活动现状的调查研究

大学生课外科技活动是培养大学生创新能力的重要平台。通过问卷调查和访谈等方式对我国七省市三十所高校的实证研究表明,目前的大学生科技创新活动存在重科研轻科普、重获奖轻立项、重精英轻普及等功利观念;学生科研资金不足,实验设备、指导教师配备不足等现实问题;学校评价体系不健全等制度缺陷。这些问题影响制约了大学生课外科技活动的深入开展。     

完善我国国际工程承包法律制度的基本构想

文章认为 ,加强和完善我国国际工程承包法律制度 ,必须遵循国家主权、公平互惠、国际惯例、质量第一诸原则 ,制定科学的立法规划 ,加强高层次立法 ,推行的工程承包标准合同条件不仅要立足本土资源 ,而且 ,更应考虑与国际接轨的客观需要。     

高校空巢老人问题研究

通过对某高校退休职工空巢老人的情况调研，揭示了目前高校空巢老人的基本情况，指出了对生活中体力活力不从心、遇到困惑问题没人商量、对生病的恐惧、无法排解思想上的空虚和孤独是高校空巢老人存在的主要困难与问题。提出了整合学校的资源，建立信息服务、社会服务、互助服务、救助服务等完备的服务体系，建立大学生志愿服务队伍、老年志愿服务队伍等对空巢老人提供具体服务，加强人文关怀以及努力营造全校性的尊老敬老的校园文化氛固等做好高校空巢老人帮扶工作的有效途径。     

论文学作品中人物语言个性化

本文集中探讨了文学作品中人物语言个性化问题 ,从“说什么”和“怎么说”两方面展开论述 ,从而揭示人物语言的个性化既可使人物个性的意识风貌得到明晰、准确地展现 ,又显示其性格特征 ;特别是通过“怎么说”的方式 ,对人物性格进行生动地表现和深入地开掘。     

试析辛提卡的语言博弈论

辛提卡提出语言博弈理论旨在建立一种能用于系统分析或摹拟人的认识活动的过程及其结果的理论。这一理论以可能世界理论为基础 ,它把形式逻辑的模型集合建构看做一种特殊的博弈活动 ,用“寻找且找到博弈”描述以现实为对象的语言活动 ,并刻画了两种博弈之间的联系。“寻找且找到博弈”不同于运算 ,它的结局不是预先可断定的 ;而这一博弈规则是制约着语句F的整个证实过程的规则。     

中学课外科技活动的存在问题及对策

本文较为详细地分析我们在１９９８ 年上半年进行的“广州 市中学生课外科技活动问卷调查”的数据, 指出广州市中学生课外科技 活动存在着师资力量不足、考核制度不完善等问题, 文章最后提出了解 决上述问题的意见和看法     

Health Risk Assessment of a Modern Municipal Waste Incinerator

During the modernization of the municipal waste incinerator (MWI, maximum capacity of 180,000 tons per year) of Metropolitan Grenoble (405,000 inhabitants), in France, a risk assessment was conducted, based on four tracer pollutants: two volatile organic compounds (benzene and 1, 1, 1 trichloroethane) and two heavy metals (nickel and cadmium, measured in particles). A Gaussian plume dispersion model, applied to maximum emissions measured at the MWI stacks, was used to estimate the distribution of these pollutants in the atmosphere throughout the metropolitan area. A random sample telephone survey (570 subjects) gathered data on time-activity patterns, according to demographic characteristics of the population. Life-long exposure was assessed as a time-weighted average of ambient air concentrations. Inhalation alone was considered because, in the Grenoble urban setting, other routes of exposure are not likely. A Monte Carlo simulation was used to describe probability distributions of exposures and risks. The median of the life-long personal exposures distribution to MWI benzene was 3.2·10^–5 g/m³ (20th and 80th percentiles = 1.5·10^–5 and 6.5·10^–5 g/m³), yielding a 2.6·10^–10 carcinogenic risk (1.2·10^–10–5.4·10^–10). For nickel, the corresponding life-time exposure and cancer risk were 1.8·10^–4 g/m³ (0.9.10^–4 – 3.6·10^–4 g/m³) and 8.6·10^–8 (4.3·10^–8–17.3·10^–8); for cadmium they were respectively 8.3·10^–6 g/m³ (4.0·10^–6–17.6·10^–6) and 1.5·10^–8 (7.2·10^–9–3.1·10^–8). Inhalation exposure to cadmium emitted by the MWI represented less than 1% of the WHO Air Quality Guideline (5 ng/m³), while there was a margin of exposure of more than 10⁹ between the NOAEL (150 ppm) and exposure estimates to trichloroethane. Neither dioxins nor mercury, a volatile metal, were measured. This could lessen the attributable life-long risks estimated. The minute (VOCs and cadmium) to moderate (nickel) exposure and risk estimates are in accord with other studies on modern MWIs meeting recent emission regulations, however.