江汉平原农户灾害脆弱性分析

研究农户灾害脆弱性,对于有效推进农业减灾具有重要意义。以江汉平原352户农户的问卷调查结果为依据,研究江汉平原农户灾害脆弱性现状及其影响因素。农户灾害脆弱性调查表明,在接受调查的352户农户中,单一资产缺乏型农户占58.52%,所占比例最大;多种资产缺乏型农户占7.67%,所占比例最小;资产搭配合理型农户占33.81%。对影响因素的分析表明,自然资产缺乏是江汉平原农户灾害脆弱性程度较高的首要原因,金融资产、社会资产和人力资产缺乏是江汉平原农户灾害脆弱性程度较高的重要原因。     

Gendered Policies and Practices that Increase Older Men's Risk of Elder Mistreatment

SUMMARY

We aim to detail some of the ways that social policy and gendered practices put older men at risk of elder mistreatment. Research on the abuse and neglect that older adults experience has often focused on the characteristics of the victims and the dynamics within families, emphasizing factors such as the likelihood of an intergenerational cycle of violence, substance abuse and dependency, and older men's financial status as key risks in elder abuse. The effect on men from this type of analysis is that elder mistreatment remains an individual or family problem rather than being viewed as a larger societal concern. This article challenges the individualistic focus by outlining the importance of societal forces affecting older men's risk of mistreatment.     

环境脆弱性、生态系统恢复力与泥石流灾害——以云南省东川区的泥石流灾害为例

本文通过人类学的方法对云南省昆明市东川区的泥石流灾害进行了深入研究,认为东川区的环境脆弱性和泥石流灾害的发生有自然和人为因素,自然因素是东川地处小江断裂带的核心地区,地震灾害多发;人为因素是矿业开发和过度损害环境,森林覆盖率下降,泥土砂石长期裸露和风化,造成了生态系统无法恢复,并长期发生严重的泥石流灾害。文章建议,东川区的泥石流灾害应坚持短期、中期和长期治理相结合的方法,短期治理以工程防灾为主,中期可以考虑搬迁、工程等相结合,而长期治理应坚持综合治理方式,即保护生态系统,退耕还林,增加生态系统恢复力,从根本上保证生态系统处在安全的范围之内。     

Care-full failure: how auxiliary assistance to poor Roma migrant women in Spain compounds marginalization

ABSTRACT

In Spain, the national and local authorities boast in recent years about their progressive programs for the integration of Roma migrants from Romania. Many state efforts to work with Roma on their integration are specifically directed at women. Economic integration into the waged labor market is considered a major goal as it, supposedly, leads to the empowerment of Roma migrant women while also securing decent standards of living for entire families. This article argues that integration programs adversely result in the further discrimination and exclusion of those they pretend to relief. This adverse result is produced through a two-tier intervention in the lives of Roma families. The caring state works with a general category of ‘vulnerability’ for targeting populations, in which Roma migrant women are specifically incorporated through designated social programs. The performance of Roma as the subject–object of these programs is carefully evaluated. According to these evaluations, Roma women often fail to meet the normative standards of ‘good mothers’, ‘decent wives’, and ‘diligent workers’. Subsequently, to deal with ‘failing subjects’, the disciplining state, a-la Foucault, inflicts an array of penalties on Roma women and their families: cut-offs of social benefits, evictions from poor dwellings, withdrawal of children’s custody, and forced removals to Romania. We thus argue that initiatives by the caring state (and civil society) often prescribe or go hand-in-hand with repression from the correcting state. In welfare states, social programs can thus conclusively ‘evidence’ existing stereotypes about marginalized Roma families and about women in particular.     

城市物流系统安全性研究——脆弱性及其评价指标集

以城市物流系统安全性为研究对象,对脆弱性概念的演化过程进行了分析,在总结了几个有代表性的脆弱性概念模型的基础上,提出了城市物流系统脆弱性的概念模型,并构建了城市物流系统脆弱性评价体系的研究层次和评价指标集。     

外包信息系统脆弱性评价模型研究

针对外包信息系统脆弱性评价问题,从技术脆弱性和管理脆弱性两个方面提出了信息系统脆弱评价指标体系。在此基础上,给出外包信息系统脆弱性评价流程,构建基于技术脆弱性和管理脆弱性的二维评价矩阵模型。最后通过一个制造企业的电子商务外包案例说明该评价模型的科学性和有效性。     

性别与平等的进化缩影：一个女权主义者之旅

我们对美国法律中的平等概念应该重新审视。以波西亚女子法学院的建立和法院对穆勒诉帕里贡案（穆勒诉俄勒冈州案）等案件的裁决为开端,美国女性对以两性间相同待遇为倡导的性别平等的追求,以及对改善女性地位的追求逐渐发展。尽管美国女性在选举、就业、财产方面已经获得了与男性法律上的平等地位,但对公民利益的分配仍然存在着严重的不平等。从某种程度上来说,这是由于美国人认为自治权的位阶高于平等权,因此打着自治更重要的幌子牺牲了大量的平等,而忽略了在这个共同生活的国家中,到处都充满触发式的依赖和永恒脆弱的事实。     

气候变化影响下的社会脆弱性与贫困：国外研究综述

脆弱性概念因其能更完整地说明气候变化最突出的影响,已经成为气候变化相关研究的热点。目前我国的脆弱性研究多集中在自然生态系统,对社会经济系统的脆弱性研究相对较少,对于区域或特定群体面对气候变化的脆弱性研究更少,而后者恰恰是抓住现状和提高气候变化适应能力的根本依据。同时,我国贫困地区与生态环境脆弱地带高度相关,贫困地区是气候变化的主要影响地区,如何减少气候贫困是我国面临的难题。社会脆弱性、敏感性和适应性,已经成为国际上气候变化研究的重要概念。文章对国外现有文章进行梳理,说明社会脆弱性研究对于气候变化条件下减贫的重要作用,以期促进国内相关研究的发展。     

得意忘形——园林虚景的建筑艺术

运用复杂网络理论对城际铁路网络脆弱性进行分析,并找出脆弱的站点以加强防护。将城际铁路线网抽象为由车站和城际铁路线路所构成的非加权无向网络,再对网络的节点度和度累积概率分布、网络直径、平均路径长度、聚类系数、平均路径长度累积概率分布等特性指标进行分析,确定网络类型。提出网络脆弱性分析的主要指标为网络效率和连通度,利用Matlab工具,把网络中节点按照度的高低进行分类排序,并对网络度值较高的站点进行累积蓄意攻击和单个节点蓄意攻击,进而对蓄意攻击下网络脆弱性的变化情况进行分析,并确定了网络中的脆弱的点,为城际铁     

Hazard Experience,Geophysical Vulnerability,and Flood Risk Perceptions in a Postdisaster City,the Case of New Orleans

This article investigates the determinants of flood risk perceptions in New Orleans, Louisiana (United States), a deltaic coastal city highly vulnerable to seasonal nuisance flooding and hurricane‐induced deluges and storm surges. Few studies have investigated the influence of hazard experience, geophysical vulnerability (hazard proximity), and risk perceptions in cities undergoing postdisaster recovery and rebuilding. We use ordinal logistic regression techniques to analyze experiential, geophysical, and sociodemographic variables derived from a survey of 384 residents in seven neighborhoods. We find that residents living in neighborhoods that flooded during Hurricane Katrina exhibit higher levels of perceived risk than those residents living in neighborhoods that did not flood. In addition, findings suggest that flood risk perception is positively associated with female gender, lower income, and direct flood experiences. In conclusion, we discuss the implications of these findings for theoretical and empirical research on environmental risk, flood risk communication strategies, and flood hazards planning.