新时期湖南农产品出口贸易的脆弱性研究

湖南虽是全国农业大省,但其农产品出口贸易的规模偏小,对农业经济增长的贡献度较低,出口整体效益不高,生产能耗较大,具有显著的脆弱性。需求条件、生产要素、关联产业和贸易环境等是四个导致湖南农产品出口贸易脆弱性的主要影响因子。企业、政府和行业协会必须采取有效措施缓和湖南农产品出口贸易脆弱性,帮助湖南农产品有效地应对当今世界经济缓慢复苏背景下日益激烈的国际市场竞争。     

The impacts of the food,fuel and financial crises on poor and vulnerable households in Nigeria: A retrospective approach to research inquiry

This article examines the impacts of the financial, food and fuel crises on poor and vulnerable households in two states of Nigeria: Lagos and Kano. It uses retrospective household‐level data to analyze the impacts of induced price variability on household welfare. The results indicate that aggregate shocks have significant adverse effects on household consumption, schooling and child labour decisions, with a degree of impact heterogeneity across regions and rural and urban areas of the country. We find that the coping strategies adopted by the poor to deal with the short‐term effects of the crises can lock households in a low‐income equilibrium or poverty trap. Provided that covariate shocks exacerbate these effects, they become central for policy design.     

Is Bigger Really Better?

This study investigates the effect of a capital facilities project on nonprofit financial vulnerability metrics. The author employs a difference‐in‐differences technique to model the relationship between facilities investments and financial vulnerability indicators using data for a matched‐pair sample of nonprofit organizations that invested and did not invest in a facilities project. Overall the findings suggest that investments in facilities are associated with temporary increases in an organization's net assets ratio and decreases in its surplus ratio after a project is completed, and that the costs associated with facilities projects (for example, debt) place strain on nonprofit finances. The study's findings have implications for the financial management of nonprofit organizations, particularly in regard to the associated costs of capital expansion.     

Hybrid identities: juxtaposing multiple identities against the ‘authentic’ Moken

The Moken and Moklen are an indigenous population residing along the Andaman coast of Thailand. They have been represented, both in popular and academic discourse, as seafaring nomads living in traditional boats and small temporal coastal communities. The overwhelmingly precept of the existing literature about the Moken is one of vulnerability and of stemming the erosion of ‘authentic’ Moken cultural identities. Identification of Moken as being under threat transpired as a consequence of the 2004 Asian tsunami, in which many Moken were killed and the plight of others who had their houses and sources of livelihood destroyed was propelled onto an international stage. This paper critically discusses how Moken identities and associated discourses of vulnerability have been depicted in media and academic literature as fixed and traditional. We argue that such rigid identity narratives contrast sharply to the contemporary realities of the Moken identities as articulated by the Moken we interviewed.     

邻里效应对农民贫困脆弱性的影响

基于2016年和2018年中国家庭追踪调查数据（CFPS），通过构建贫困脆弱性测量模型和Manski社会互动效应模型实证研究邻里效应对农民贫困脆弱性的影响。研究发现：整体上我国农村地区贫困脆弱性处于较低水平，2017年农村居民贫困脆弱性较2015年有所提高，同时呈现不同区域和个体具有显著差异、非贫困群体中存在高脆弱性群体的特征；贫困具有邻里效应，邻里效应对农村居民当期贫困状态和未来贫困状态均产生显著不利影响，个体关联效应与社区情景互动效应对贫困与贫困脆弱性发挥不同程度的影响；邻里效应对农村居民提高家庭人均纯收入发挥显著阻碍作用，对低收入群体发挥的阻碍边际效应明显高于高收入群体；邻里效应对农村居民贫困脆弱性影响存在明显区域差异，东北地区邻里效应对贫困脆弱性不具有显著影响，在西部地区邻里效应对贫困脆弱性加剧边际效应高于其他地区。     

安全管理领域社会脆弱性研究的图示法探索

图示法是安全管理学科研究社会脆弱性行之有效的方法。不仅有助于廓清社会脆弱性及相关概念的定义阈和内涵,而且对安全管理的系统构造、运行机理、脆弱性与其它因素的相互关系等各种复杂繁冗问题,能直观、准确表示,便于认识和掌握。结构图法、流程图法、关系图法、地图法和坐标法的使用,推进了社会脆弱性研究在深度、广度和清晰度层面的展开。     

国际金融危机对农户生计影响的实证研究

通过实地调查以理解金融危机对不同生计类型的农户的影响程度、途径和后果,归纳出对金融危机敏感的农户的生计脆弱性特征。研究发现,产品市场化程度高,生产规模较大,在金融危机前家庭有大额支出且生计方式单一、人力资本短缺的农户,对金融危机的敏感性较高,更易受冲击并有可能陷入贫困。研究还表明,农户依靠自身的策略和有限的资源来应对金融危机难以取得应有的效果,需要来自政府和其他方面的支持,而现有的政策支持效果有限,论文据此提出相关建议。     

Multidimensional Approach for Tsunami Vulnerability Assessment: Framing the Territorial Impacts in Two Municipalities in Portugal

This study presents a new multidimensional methodology for tsunami vulnerability assessment that combines the morphological, structural, social, and tax component of vulnerability. This new approach can be distinguished from previous methodologies that focused primarily on the evaluation of potentially affected buildings and did not use tsunami numerical modeling. The methodology was applied to the Figueira da Foz and Vila do Bispo municipalities in Portugal. For each area, the potential tsunami‐inundated areas were calculated considering the 1755 Lisbon tsunami, which is the greatest disaster caused by natural hazards that ever occurred in Portugal. Furthermore, the four components of the vulnerability were calculated to obtain a composite vulnerability index. This methodology enables us to differentiate the two areas in their vulnerability, highlighting the characteristics of the territory components. This methodology can be a starting point for the creation of a local assessment framework at the municipal scale related to tsunami risk. In addition, the methodology is an important support for the different local stakeholders.     

社会性别视角下老年妇女境况分析——基于江苏省南通市“五普”“六普”数据

基于"五普""六普"的数据分析表明,江苏省南通市老年女性占老年人口大多数,虽然女性老龄化有缓解趋势,但老年女性的高龄化趋势较为明显。与男性老年人相比,老年女性在教育、健康、经济、关系资本等方面均处于明显弱势状态。政府应该采用性别差异的老龄化政策取代性别中立的老龄化政策,着力关注并改善老年女性的生存状况。     

信息系统安全漏洞研究

信息系统安全漏洞是信息时代存在的一种客观对象,针对信息系统安全漏洞的研究对保护网络安全和信息安全有着重要意义。首先在国内外已有的研究基础上,提出系统地、全面地开展信息系统安全漏洞的研究。然后从信息系统管理角度和技术角度对漏洞做了区分,并且从信息系统安全漏洞存在的宿主和起因对其类型进行了分析,对信息系统安全漏洞的定义做了明确。最后从信息系统安全漏洞研究的主体、客体、行为和属性四个方面进行了论述,提出信息系统安全漏洞生命周期的概念,使信息系统安全漏洞的研究能够从标准规范、知识体系、关键技术与基础理论等多个方面有系统、有针对性的开展。