家装设计中平面造型设计研究

家居室内环境的立体空间性质,是建立在二维建筑界面上来实施的。在造型中,任何平面造型都是点、线、面的具体组织与再现;要形成美而有视觉冲击力的设计,必须以造型法则巧妙地组合;运用逻辑构思可以拓宽思路,有效地提高设计水平,赋予设计现代的理性特征;墙立面设计要处理好与视觉平衡、肌理的关系。     

股东大会中心主义与董事会中心主义--公司权力结构的变迁及其评价

从 1 9世纪到 2 0世纪 ,各国的公司法都经历了削弱股东大会权限 ,强化董事会地位的变迁。但这种变迁并非意味着“董事会中心主义”是现代公司的发展趋势。机关的分化不等于股东大会丧失了最高权力机关的地位 ;同时 ,经营者控制是一种现象而不是立法的本意。公司的本质决定了股东大会中心主义的地位不会动摇     

Corporate social responsibility in the board room – when do directors pay attention?

When do board directors pay attention to corporate social responsibility (CSR) issues? Board directors have traditionally focused on maximizing shareholder profit and viewed corporate governance narrowly as a way to meet this goal. They have paid little or no attention to CSR issues because they see CSR as a contrast to profit maximization. We argue in this article that companies can no longer ignore CSR. We propose that three conditions must be met in order for boards to pay attention toCSR. First, the board must have a mindset that considers CSR as contributing value to the firm. Second, the board must have relevant competences that enable members to understand CSR issues. Third, compensation of top-level management should reflect CSR performance. The first two conditions are directly linked to human resource development because, in order to embrace the specific challenges that CSR possesses, board members must develop an understanding of the CSR field and related challenges and opportunities for the company.     

董事会社会资本、公司领导权结构对企业R&D投入程度的影响研究

基于资源依赖理论与管家理论,从内部治理层面探讨董事会社会资本在企业研发战略中的作用.首先构建董事会社会资本模型,同时引入董事会领导权结构,探讨董事会社会资本对企业研发投入的影响机理及边界条件.通过对2010～2012年制造业主板上市公司数据进行实证分析,结果表明:董事会社会资本对企业研发投入有积极的促进作用,并且董事会领导权两职合一时这种促进作用更显著.     

中国上市公司董事会行为与公司绩效关系实证研究

以2005年中国证券市场公布的指标股为研究样本,用董事会会议频率表示董事会行为,实证分析了董事会行为的决定因素以及董事会行为与前期、当期和后期公司绩效之间的关系.研究表明,独立性越强的董事会将导致较高强度的董事会行为,内部所有权和董事会行为在规范管理方面存在替代性,股权制衡有助于产生积极的董事会行为,而外部董事的声誉激励制度和机构投資者制度对董事会行为的作用还有待进一步加强;董事会行为与前期经营绩效显著负相关,与当期和后期绩效显著正相关,两者之间存在显著的内生关系,而董事会行为的决定因素在内生关系中起着重要的作用.     

印制电路板自动测试系统的设计与应用研究

采用ＣＭＯＳ开关阵列对印制电路板测试系统的组成、测试原理与软件编程技术进行了自动测试的设计与应用研究。结果表明，该系统可有效提高印制电路板的测试水平。在保障产品质量的同时，大幅度提高了生产效率，实现了预期的系统性能与技术指标的要求。     

论争与结局——对建国后北京城墙的历史考察

拆除城墙是首都发展史上的重大事件。从新中国成立之初,关于北京城墙的争论涉及到政治、经济、文化、战略等多方面的复杂问题。本文主要从专家、市民、中央和地方的不同层面,阐述各自对城墙的不同认识和主张,探析拆除北京城墙的深刻历史原因。北京城墙现状的形成经历了一个曲折而复杂的历史过程,多种合力的共同作用最终导致了北京城墙的命运。     

The complexity of diversity and importance for equitable philanthropy

The current U.S. climate of racial and social injustice has prompted a renewed call for diverse and equitable ways to rethink community philanthropy. Community foundations are vehicles for community philanthropy which offer vast benefits for social improvement and community development. The board of directors ensures these organizations fulfill their mission, making decisions on funding priorities and holding the organization functionally and fiscally responsible. Drawing on constructs of diversity and representative bureaucracy and a case study of Florida community foundations, we suggest that diversity is understood in different ways and the presence of diverse board members may be linked to advancing the interests of diverse communities and in achieving outcomes that assist in the needs of certain social groups. Increased understanding of diversity can improve foundation and philanthropic effectiveness and bring broader social change by promoting equity and social justice among community‐based philanthropic organizations.     

Behavioral Determinants of Nonprofit Board Performance

There is an increased awareness that the performance of boards (good governance) is not only determined by structural determinants but by behavioral determinants as well. These behavioral determinants might be particularly important for public and nonprofit governance, where the role of the board is more diffuse and heterogeneous than in corporate governance. Here we investigate how social dynamics within boards in secondary education influence their performance. We follow a concise model that includes cognitive conflict, the use of expertise, effort norms, and social cohesion as determinants of board task performance. A survey among all secondary schools in the Netherlands serves as the empirical underpinning for this process‐oriented model of good governance. We show that the behavioral determinants have different effects on the control task and advice task of boards. Also, we find that cognitive conflicts in supervisory boards do not lead to less but rather to more social cohesion within boards. Building on these findings, we suggest a revised model of the behavioral determinants of nonprofit board performance.     

Vertical Axes on the Long-Term Care Continuum

Abstract

As the continuum of long-term care has expanded, public funding has not accompanied new care options. I detail access, provider profits and resources, and care quality in two types of residential care that fall in the center of the continuum, assisted living and board and care. These two options provide examples of how limited public funding leads to vertical axes, which represent access to services, the resources providers draw on to give care, and the quality of long-term care services, at each service point on the long-term care continuum.