命运·天意·上帝——《雷雨》的神秘主义思想本体破译

<雷雨>中的命运观一直是学术界观注的焦点问题,但关注往往停留在价值评判层面,很少有人对其学理内涵进行剖析.<雷雨>中的神秘主义思想观念很多,构成其思想本体功能的除命运现以外,还有天意思想和上帝观念.相比较曹禺所稔熟的<圣经>文本中的"上帝"形象可以包含"命运"、"天意"以及与"上帝"相类似的"宇宙主宰"、"第九个角色"等观念的特点,成为真正的<雷雨>的神秘主义思想本体.而其价值主要体现在悲剧艺术的审美功能方面,从作者的创作初衷看与学术界习惯上所说的现实主义并没有多少必然的内在联系.     

Do Reports on Drinking Water Quality Affect Customers' Concerns? Experiments in Report Content

The Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1996 required U.S. utilities to report on drinking water quality to their customers annually, beginning in fall 1999, on the assumption that such reports would alert them to quality problems and perhaps mobilize pressure for improvement. A random sample of New Jersey customers read alternative versions of a water quality report, in an experiment on reactions to water quality information under U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) rules. Experiment design was 2 x 3 + 1: two versions each--one with, one without, a violation of a health standard--of a report that was (1) Qualitative (without water quality numbers, thus not meeting USEPA rules); (2) Basic, with minimal information meeting the rules; or (3) Extended, adding reading aids and utility performance information; plus a control instrument without any hypothetical report. Results of ANOVA suggest the reports will have less effect than hoped or feared. These manipulations were successful: people reading the Qualitative versions were less likely to say that the report gave the amounts of substances found in the water, and those reading Violation versions were more likely to report a violation of a health standard. The main differences in responses to the report involved the judged adequacy of the information, and to a lesser extent responses on a Concern scale (constructed from measures of concern, judged risk, clean-up intentions, distrust of utility information, and doubt that the utility was doing all it could to improve water quality). Overall judgments of water quality and utility performance did not change, either relative to the controls or in before versus after responses. Qualitative reports performed worse than others, confirming the decision to have utilities report actual contaminant levels. Extended reports did only slightly better than the Basic versions on these measures. Many respondents had trouble identifying the presence or absence of substance amounts or violations, despite their seeming obviousness (e.g., in a "bottom line" summary on the front page of each report), suggesting many were not processing this information carefully. However, the pattern of responses for those who accurately identified the presence or absence of substance amounts or violations did not differ substantially from that for the group as a whole. Generic risk beliefs (serious local environmental problems; lack of control over risks to one's health) dominated demographic variables, attitudes toward utility water quality or trustworthiness, and the content and format of water quality reports in influencing concern about drinking water quality. Previous empirical and theoretical evidence for lack of change in public risk attitudes due to one-time or infrequent communications--e.g., role of personal experience, perseverance of prior trust or distrust--seems to be confirmed for annual water quality reports.     

舞阳贾湖龟甲与伏羲氏画八卦

河南舞阳贾湖裴里岗文化遗址发现的龟占器具和卦象文字,是伏羲氏“画八卦、造书契”的有力佐 证,它拉开了中华民族五千年文明的序幕,在中华文明起源和发展史上具有划时代的意义。     

温斯特指数平滑法在水资源预测中的应用

水资源是人们赖以生存的必需物质。水资源的短缺已经严重影响经济的增长和人们的日常生活。文章基于温斯特指数平滑法理论,对我国九大流域水资源的使用做出预测模型,可以根据历史数据准确预测九大流域下一年度的用水总量和供水总量。这样,可以为管理部门制定符合实际的水资源调配政策提供依据,并且使九大流域地区的人们更高效地利用有限的水资源。     

Combining Occurrence and Toxicity Information to Identify Priorities for Drinking-Water Mixture Research

Characterizing all possible chemical mixtures in drinking water is a potentially overwhelming project, and the task of assessing each mixture's net toxicity even more daunting. We propose that analyzing occurrence information on mixtures in drinking water may help to narrow the priorities and inform the approaches taken by researchers in mixture toxicology. To illustrate the utility of environmental data for refining the mixtures problem, we use a recent compilation of national ground-water-quality data to examine proposed U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) models of noncancer mixture toxicity. We use data on the occurrence of binary and ternary mixtures of arsenic, cadmium, and manganese to parameterize an additive model and compute hazard index scores for each drinking-water source in the data set. We also use partially parameterized interaction models to perform a bounding analysis estimating the interaction potential of several binary and ternary mixtures for which the toxicological literature is limited. From these results, we estimate a relative value of additional toxicological information for each mixture. For example, we find that according to the U.S. EPA's interaction model, the levels of arsenic and cadmium found in U.S. drinking water are unlikely to have synergistic cardiovascular effects, but the same mixture's potential for synergistic neurological effects merits further study. Similar analysis could in future be used to prioritize toxicological studies based on their potential to reduce scientific and regulatory uncertainty. Environmental data may also provide a means to explore the implications of alternative risk models for the toxicity and interaction of complex mixtures.     

浙江省高校水上救生现状与发展对策研究

采用文献资料法、调查法、数理统计法、比较法以及系统分析法，对浙江省高校水上救生现状及存在的问题进行分析与研究，发现高校水上救生存在着学校重视不够，大学生救生意识淡薄，救生宣传和救生员培养滞后等问题。应进一步完善高校水上救生员培训体制和管理体制，形成规范、有序的游泳池管理体系，减少和避免溺水事故。     

从悦神到娱人——浅析傩面具的功能变迁与民众审美情趣的关系

傩面具有着独特的艺术魅力,通过追述傩文化的发展变化,梳理各个历史时期民众审美心态之变化与傩面具艺术特色变迁的关系,论述其功能由悦神到娱人的表现特征及原因,以加深对这一民间艺术瑰宝的认识.     

咯论梨园行的招财习俗

戏曲在财神信仰中扮演着重要的作用。这可从两个方面来考察，一是看其如何“代”财神向俗民“送”财，一是作为财神信仰的信士之一，梨园行是如何招财的。梨园行的招财习俗较之其它俗民来说，更有行业性特点，方式也更为多样。其招财方式主要有：供财神为自己行业的保护神，迎财神、迎喜神等。     

水利技术经济复合型人才培养的课程体系探讨

论述了水利技术经济复合型人才的知识结构 ,总结分析了国内外高等学校现行的水利技术经济复合型人才培养的课程体系 ,在此基础上提出了适应新世纪要求的水利技术经济复合型人才课程体系的设想。     

基于浊度检测的洗衣机废水自动回收装置的设计

为回收再利用洗衣机在洗涤过程中所排的废水，设计了洗衣机废水自动回收装置，装置由浊度传感器、液位开关、水用电磁阀、潜水泵、水箱等构成。该装置可自动识别废水污浊程度，从而决定是否回收储存起来。经简易处理的回收废水类似于q-水，可用于马桶及地面的冲洗，这对于水资源的节约利用、绿色住宅建筑设施设计具有一定的参考意义，同时也具有一定的经济效益。