Theory Trimming

This paper attempts to show that the “Theory Trimming” technique makes little contribution to theory in sociology. A brief history of the technique is given, and several key assertions of its proponents are abstracted. These assertions are shown to be highly questionable. The general alternative to Theory Trimming is shown, and the relationship between Theory Trimming and more general orientations to research is discussed.     

Sex similarities in occupational status attainment: Are the results due to the restriction of the sample to employed women?

Research on sex differences in occupational attainment suggests that working men and working women attain essentially the same mean level of occupational attainment and do so through quite similar processes. A possible explanation for these similarities is that the sample of working women contains an overrepresentation of successful women, since women who can afford not to work will stay out of the labor force unless they find a job commensurate with their education. This we define as a censoring problem. By extending a technique developed by Heckman, we can estimate the structural parameters for all women, regardless of current employment status. This procedure allows us to assess the impact of the censoring problem on women's occupational attainment equations.     

Size and duration of empires growth-decline curves, 3000 to 600 b.c.

Area changes of about 30 best known empires and states are compiled and tabulated. Superimposed and juxtaposed graphs (size versus time) help to visualize the relative size and location in time of these empires. Size-time integral, maximum stable size, adulthood date, and duration are defined operationally and are listed for 20 empires. A criterion is given for distinctness of successive empires. The size-time integral is a direct measure of an empire's impact on history insofar as that impact depends on sheer size and duration. The integral is largest for the Chinese Hsia-Shang, Egyptian New, Old, and Middle, Assyrian New, and Hittite empires. A world-wide territorial concentration index is tabulated. It increases during the period considered from 0.08 to 1.4% of the world dry land area.     

Estimating chance reproducibility in Guttman Scaling

A definition of reproducibility in Guttman Scaling and two chance measures of reproducibility are suggested. The first measure assumes that the items are independent. The second method assumes nonindependent items and fits respondent and item margins by an iterative method used in fitting log-linear models. Chance reproducibility is conceptualized in terms of assumptions about respondent variability.     

民族历史构建与现实社会因素(续)

保安族在50年代被正式识别为一个民族,对其族源曾有多种观点。但是在建国50年后,保安族的历史和族源观被再次重构,这个过程既反映了现实民族关系对历史书写的映射,也反映了民族精英在历史重构中的能动性。对保安族的这个实例的分析可以帮助我们更深刻地认识现实社会因素能够如何影响民族历史的构建,这个案例所反映出来的族群历史建构模式对于研究我国的"民族历史建构和族群群体的认同结构也颇具启发意义。     

学科建设:直面竞争与挑战——论我国民族院校的学科建设

高等院校的学科建设是高校存在和发展的基础,是充分体现高校功能的核心,处于高校建设和发展的龙头地位。我国的民族院校由于受历史、社会、自然条件以及特殊的创办背景和服务面向等的影响,学科建设存在诸多问题。民族院校必须要确立学科建设的龙头地位,从调整和改善学科结构;凝练学科方向;建设学科基地;重点建设优势学科;强化和培育特色学科以及积极发展新兴、交叉学科等方面,加大学科建设力度,以此促进民族高等教育事业快速发展。     

构建江西城乡劳动力市场体系若干问题的研究

劳动就业是我国经济社会发展过程中面临的战略性问题。构建江西城乡劳动力市场体系,必须立足江西实际,加强宏观指导,转变政府职能,注重制度创新,增加市场弹性,培育劳动力市场价格形成机制,健全和完善各项经济社会政策,以促进江西经济社会的和谐发展。     

新乡贤助推乡村振兴战略实现的路径研究

乡村振兴重在“人才振兴”,只有解决好了人的问题,乡村才能真正振兴,因而推动各类人才尤其是吸引新乡贤参与家乡各项事业发展,成为实现乡村振兴战略的客观要求。新乡贤作为实现乡村振兴战略的重要力量,在全面推进乡村振兴过程中对产业振兴、人才振兴、文化振兴、生态振兴和组织振兴等都发挥着积极作用,但在实践中暴露出一些突出问题,诸如对新乡贤认识定位不清晰、缺乏情感沟通、实践渠道受阻以及权益保障不到位等。为此,需要通过多种舆论宣传确保新乡贤“时刻挂念家乡”、加强日常情感联系推动新乡贤“经常回来走走”和注重多措并举鼓励支持新乡贤“共谋家乡发展”等实施路径,来不断提升新乡贤在乡村振兴中的工作实效性。     

深刻领会“不忘初心、牢记使命”主题教育的总要求

【目的/意义】随着世情、民情、国情、党情的深刻变化,我国已经进入中国特色社会主义新时代。新的历史发展方位对中国共产党的党员队伍素质提出了更高更新的要求,以习近平同志为核心的党中央在全党和全国范围内开展了“不忘初心,牢记使命”的主题教育活动。【设计/方法】要把教育活动转化为长效制度,就需要通过对历史的追溯、对现实的脉诊、对理论的发展、对实践的回应和对未来的勾勒,寻求构建中国共产党“不忘初心,牢记使命”长效制度的内在逻辑支撑和外在学理依据。【结论/发现】坚持历史、现实、理论、实践和未来五重逻辑有着巨大的现实意义,回答了构建“不忘初心,牢记使命”制度的历史必然性、现实人民性、理论科学性、革命实践性和未来发展性。阐述和贯彻五重逻辑将为新时代中国共产党建设“不忘初心,牢记使命”的制度提供不竭动力和注入崭新内涵。