Two distinct mediated pathways to disordered eating in response to weight stigmatization and their application to prevention programs

ABSTRACT

Objective: Disordered eating behaviors among undergraduate women are common and, thus, are an important public health concern. Weight stigmatization, stress, and social withdrawal are often associated with disordered eating behaviors; however, it is unclear whether stress and social withdrawal act as mediators between weight stigmatization and disordered eating. By testing specific pathways to disordered eating, theory-driven prevention programs can be implemented. Methods: Self-reported surveys were administered to 217 undergraduate women during the Fall 2014 semester. Results: There were 2 distinct mediational pathways in response to weight stigmatization. Stress partially mediated the path between weight stigmatization and emotional eating (38%), whereas social withdrawal partially mediated the path between weight stigmatization and dietary restraint (44%). Conclusions: Stress and social withdrawal mediate the relationship between weight stigmatization and disordered eating. The results of this study identified potentially critical risk factors that, if addressed, may improve outcomes of campus-based disordered eating programs for women.     

The Freshman 15—A Closer Look

Abstract

Objectives and Participants: Changes in body weight, composition, and size were examined in college freshmen at the beginning (initial, n = 240) and end of fall semester 2007 (n = 214) and the end of spring semester 2008 (n = 205). Methods: Height, weight, body composition, and waist and hip measurements were assessed. Results: Mean weight, body mass index (BMI), absolute and percent body fat all increased significantly over fall semester and the academic year. About 31% of freshmen lost ≥5 lbs. Mean academic year weight gain was 2.6 lbs (entire group) and 6.0 lbs (weight gainers); body fat increased by 4.4 lbs in the weight gainers. A significant correlation (r = .509) was found between weight change and waist circumference change, but not between weight change and waist to hip ratio change. Conclusions: Freshmen weight gain is associated with increases in body fat and waist circumference, which may be troublesome should the trend continue throughout college.     

社会组织在推进社会管理创新中的现状、作用和对策研究——基于湖南岳阳市社会组织发展现状之视角

要切实重视社会组织的作用,把社会组织培育壮大成为社会管理的主体力量,解决社会组织的"定性"问题;适应社会管理创新的需要,加大力度转移政府职能,形成政府与社会组织的良性互动,解决社会组织"定位"问题;切实治理和优化培育发展社会组织的环境,增强社会组织在社会管理中的服务能力,解决社会组织的"定型"问题;认真学习和借鉴国外促进社会组织健康发展的有益经验,充分发挥社会组织在现代社会中的作用、解决社会组织的"定向"问题。     

《深圳经济特区商事条例》中营业转让制评议

《深圳经济特区商事条例》中营业转让制度自1999年颁布以来未有任何修订,而实践中出现了很多营业转让行为因立法的空白或不完善导致的纠纷和争议,相关主体利益得不到法律保护。现行营业转让制度主要就营业转让类型、商号转让、债务移转做出规定。随着时间的推移,需要从营业转让制度独立成章、完善营业转让的类型、建立债权人保护机制、增加劳动合同继受和竞业限制条款等方面给予完善。     

皖江城市带承接长三角产业转移的行业选择分析

[摘 要]皖江城市带承接产业转移示范区作为国家级示范区,对其研究可以为其他地区的产业承接提供借鉴。基于产业梯度理论,首先根据产业梯度系数确立各市的优势产业,然后根据相对产业梯度系数,针对各市的重点建设产业给出建议。研究表明,皖江示范区承接长三角的产业转移主要集中在化工、金属冶炼、电气机械、装备制造业、纺织等行业。由于产业承接的重复性要注意协调竞争,同时还要注意承接资源依赖型和高污染型行业时做好环境保护工作。     

Sharing Meals With Institutionalized People With Dementia: A Natural Experiment

Nutritional deficiency can have dramatic effects on the physical and psychological status of older adults. Although food supplements can enhance nutritional status, several authors suggest that more ecological means could also have beneficial impacts. Therefore, a natural experiment was conducted to study the impact of changed mealtime experiences for people with Alzheimer-type dementia. Two special care units (in separate facilities) in France were included in this study: one implemented shared mealtimes between residents and caregivers and the other served as a comparison group. Weight was measured and staff observations were collected. Positive outcomes were observed for the experimental group. Implications for practice are discussed.     

Effect of body image on gestational weight gain in overweight and obese women

Problem or backgroundThere is little information available describing how women who are overweight or obese in pregnancy perceive their bodies, and in particular the effect of body image dissatisfaction on gestational weight gain.QuestionTo describe how women who are overweight or obese in pregnancy perceive their body, and the effect of body image on gestational weight gain.MethodsThis prospective nested cohort study evaluated self estimation of body weight, preferred body shape, dieting behavior, satisfaction with body weight and shape, and gestational weight gain in pregnant women who were overweight or obese, through self-completed questionnaire in early pregnancy in South Australia from October 2010 to February 2012.FindingsOf the 442 women who completed the questionnaire, 25.8% correctly identified their BMI, with 70.1% under-estimating and 4.1% over-estimating their BMI. Women who were obese were significantly less likely to correctly identify their BMI, as were younger women. Women who incorrectly identified their BMI were significantly more likely to have higher gestational weight gain (P < 0.001). Approximately 45% of women indicated dissatisfaction with their weight or body shape, with this being more common in women of higher parity and higher BMI. Dissatisfaction was significantly related to gestational weight gain.ConclusionWomen who report increasing dissatisfaction with their body size and shape are more likely to gain excessive weight during pregnancy. Further research should explore insights about maternal body image and diet related behaviors.     

我国多层次资本条件下转板机制的构建

转板是指根据信息披露质量、财务规模、股份构成等情况,公司可以在不同证券市场或同一证券市场不同层次市场之间转换上市或挂牌进行股份交易或转让。转板机制是我国当前加紧构建的多层次资本市场的核心制度。一个真正的多层次资本市场,不同板块之间的直接转板机制应该是畅通的。我国《证券法》目前对于转板存在一定的法律障碍。鉴于实际操作中还不允许转板,不利于多层次资本市场的建设,也不利于交易(场)所之间的竞争,因此,建议在修改《证券法》时扫除转板的法律障碍,增加转板的有关规定。     

进入与退出：“资本下乡”为何逃离种植环节——基于皖北黄村的考察

"资本下乡"通过土地规模流转试图直接进入生产环节,以此构成资本化的规模经营,并试图扩展到农业的全产业链。通过皖北黄村的实证调查,探讨资本下乡的绩效与社会经济后果。结果显示:"资本下乡"通过土地流转较迅速地形成了大户农场,却无法通过规模经营而在种植环节盈利,在资本规律引导下,出现产业转换和退出种植环节的后果。